Management erwachsener Patientinnen und Patienten mit Bronchiektasen-Erkrankung^[*]

Zusammenfassung

Die Bronchiektasen-Erkrankung ist eine ätiologisch heterogene, chronische und oftmals progredient verlaufende Atemwegs- und Lungenerkrankung, die durch eine irreversible Erweiterung der Bronchien gekennzeichnet ist. Sie geht häufig mit einer erheblichen Symptomlast, multiplen Komplikationen sowie einer eingeschränkten Lebensqualität einher. Seit mehreren Jahren ist weltweit eine deutliche Zunahme der Prävalenz der Bronchiektasen-Erkrankung mit einer relevanten ökonomischen Belastung der Gesundheitssysteme zu beobachten. Die vorliegende konsensusbasierte Leitlinie ist die erste deutschsprachige Leitlinie, die das Management der Bronchiektasen-Erkrankung bei Erwachsenen behandelt. Die Leitlinie betont die Wichtigkeit der thorakalen Bildgebung mittels CT zur Diagnose und Differenzierung der Bronchiektasen sowie die Bedeutung der Ätiologie zur Festlegung der Therapieansätze. Es werden sowohl nicht-medikamentöse als auch medikamentöse Therapien ausführlich erörtert. Zu den nicht-medikamentösen Maßnahmen gehören Raucherentwöhnung, Physiotherapie, körperliches Training, Rehabilitation, nichtinvasive Beatmung, Thoraxchirurgie und Lungentransplantation. Bei den medikamentösen Therapien wird besonders auf die langfristige Anwendung von Mukolytika, Bronchodilatatoren, antiinflammatorischen Medikamenten und Antibiotika eingegangen. Darüber hinaus geht die Leitlinie auf die Herausforderungen und Strategien bei der Behandlung einer oberen Atemwegsbeteiligung, von Komorbiditäten und Exazerbationen sowie die sozialmedizinischen Aspekte und das Schwerbehindertenrecht ein. Zudem wird die Bedeutung der Patientenaufklärung und des Selbstmanagements hervorgehoben. Abschließend werden spezielle Lebensphasen wie Transition, Kinderwunsch, Schwangerschaft und Elternschaft sowie Palliativmedizin behandelt. Die Leitlinie zielt darauf ab, eine umfassende, konsensusbasierte und patientenzentrierte Versorgung zu gewährleisten, wobei individuelle Risiken und Bedürfnisse berücksichtigt werden.

Abstract

Bronchiectasis is an etiologically heterogeneous, chronic, and often progressive respiratory disease characterized by irreversible bronchial dilation. It is frequently associated with significant symptom burden, multiple complications, and reduced quality of life. For several years, there has been a marked global increase in the prevalence of bronchiectasis, which is linked to a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems. This consensus-based guideline is the first German-language guideline addressing the management of bronchiectasis in adults. The guideline emphasizes the importance of thoracic imaging using CT for diagnosis and differentiation of bronchiectasis and highlights the significance of etiology in determining treatment approaches. Both non-drug and drug treatments are comprehensively covered. Non-pharmacological measures include smoking cessation, physiotherapy, physical training, rehabilitation, non-invasive ventilation, thoracic surgery, and lung transplantation. Pharmacological treatments focus on the long-term use of mucolytics, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory medications, and antibiotics. Additionally, the guideline covers the challenges and strategies for managing upper airway involvement, comorbidities, and exacerbations, as well as socio-medical aspects and disability rights. The importance of patient education and self-management is also emphasized. Finally, the guideline addresses special life stages such as transition, family planning, pregnancy and parenthood, and palliative care. The aim is to ensure comprehensive, consensus-based, and patient-centered care, taking into account individual risks and needs.

^* Verabschiedet von den Vorständen der beteiligten Fachgesellschaften und Organisationen am 03.04.2024

^# Geteilte Letztautorenschaft

Publication History

Article published online:
08 November 2024

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