Epidemiologie der Myopie: Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen der Myopie

Zusammenfassung

Myopie ist die häufigste Ursache für eine Sehbeeinträchtigung bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen. Um die Folgen für die Gesellschaft abzuschätzen, ist es notwendig, zeitliche Veränderungen der Prävalenz, Inzidenz und assoziierte Faktoren im Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie die Geschwindigkeit der Myopieprogression anhand epidemiologischer Forschungsarbeiten zu kennen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Literaturübersicht über Publikationen der Jahre 2020 bis einschließlich März 2024 präsentiert sowie um weitere relevante Publikationen ergänzt. Die Myopieprävalenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ist annähernd stabil und liegt deutlich unter der in Asien. Die Entstehung von Myopie wird durch Tageslichtexposition im Freien, elterliche Myopie, Genetik und Naharbeit beeinflusst, wobei zu wenig Zeit im Freien in der Kindheit ein wesentlicher und beeinflussbarer Risikofaktor ist, um späteren myopiebedingten Komplikationen, wie myoper Makulopathie, Glaukom und Netzhautablösung, vorzubeugen.

Schlüsselwörter

Myopie - Prävalenz - Inzidenz - Myopieprogression - Epidemiologie

• References/Literatur

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