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Klin Monbl Augenheilkd 2024; 241(10): 1119-1125
DOI: 10.1055/a-2340-1790
Übersicht

Epidemiologie der Myopie: Prävalenz, Risikofaktoren und Auswirkungen der Myopie

Article in several languages: deutsch | English
Susanne Hopf
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
,
Alexander Schuster
Augenklinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Deutschland
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Zusammenfassung

Myopie ist die häufigste Ursache für eine Sehbeeinträchtigung bei Kindern und jungen Erwachsenen. Um die Folgen für die Gesellschaft abzuschätzen, ist es notwendig, zeitliche Veränderungen der Prävalenz, Inzidenz und assoziierte Faktoren im Kindes- und jungen Erwachsenenalter sowie die Geschwindigkeit der Myopieprogression anhand epidemiologischer Forschungsarbeiten zu kennen. In dieser Arbeit wird eine Literaturübersicht über Publikationen der Jahre 2020 bis einschließlich März 2024 präsentiert sowie um weitere relevante Publikationen ergänzt. Die Myopieprävalenz bei Kindern und Jugendlichen in Deutschland ist annähernd stabil und liegt deutlich unter der in Asien. Die Entstehung von Myopie wird durch Tageslichtexposition im Freien, elterliche Myopie, Genetik und Naharbeit beeinflusst, wobei zu wenig Zeit im Freien in der Kindheit ein wesentlicher und beeinflussbarer Risikofaktor ist, um späteren myopiebedingten Komplikationen, wie myoper Makulopathie, Glaukom und Netzhautablösung, vorzubeugen.

Schlüsselwörter

Myopie - Prävalenz - Inzidenz - Myopieprogression - Epidemiologie


Publication History

Received: 16 May 2024

Accepted: 03 June 2024

Article published online:
09 October 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

Georg Thieme Verlag KG
Rüdigerstraße 14, 70469 Stuttgart, Germany

 

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