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DOI: 10.1055/a-2375-0319
Diagnosis and management of heterotopic intramural pregnancy after in vitro fertilization: an eight-case series
Diagnose und Behandlung der heterotopen intramuralen Schwangerschaft nach In-vitro-Fertilisation: Eine Serie von 8 Fällen Supported by: the Hunan Provincial Grant for innovative Province Construction 2019SK4012Supported by: the National Natural Science Foundation of China 82302234
Supported by: the Research Grant of CITIC-Xiangya YNXM-202220,YNXM-202310
Abstract
Purpose To analyze the ultrasound characteristics, clinical management, and pregnancy outcomes of heterotopic intramural pregnancies (HIMPs) after embryo transfer.
Methods This was a retrospective observational study of women who were diagnosed with HIMPs. The ultrasound characteristics, clinical treatment, and pregnancy outcomes of patients with HIMPs were evaluated.
Results Eight women with HIMPs were included. Among them, 6 patients were diagnosed by transvaginal sonography, and 2 patients were misdiagnosed with heterotopic interstitial pregnancy. The diagnostic accuracy was 75% (6/8). Five patients with HIMPs were diagnosed at the time of the initial scan (5+6–6+3 weeks). An intramural gestational sac was observed in all 6 patients, and an embryo with cardiac activity was detected in one patient on the follow-up scans. Intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs) were revealed in all 6 patients, and embryo(s) with cardiac activity were observed in 5 patients at the time of the initial diagnosis or later. The patients receiving expectant treatment all presented with bagel signs, while patients with embryos with cardiac activity all underwent surgery. Among the 6 diagnosed women, 1 patient was initially treated medically, 4 were treated expectantly, and 1 was treated surgically. Among the 6 diagnosed patients, the IUPs of 5 patients resulted in live infants.
Conclusion Single ET should be recommended to decrease the possibility of HIMP. An accurate diagnosis of HIMP was reached in most cases by detailed ultrasound early in the first trimester. Most IUPs of HIMPs seem to have good outcomes with timely and proper management. Expectant management might be a possible choice for nonviable intramural pregnancies.
Zusammenfassung
Ziel Analyse der Ultraschallcharakteristika, des klinischen Managements und des Schwangerschaftsausgangs von heterotopen intramuralen Schwangerschaften (HIMPs) nach Embryotransfer (ET).
Material und Methoden Dies war eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie an Frauen, bei denen eine HIMP diagnostiziert wurde. Die Ultraschallmerkmale, die klinische Behandlung und der Schwangerschaftsausgang von Patientinnen mit HIMPs wurden ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Acht Frauen mit HIMPs wurden eingeschlossen. Bei 6 von ihnen wurde die Diagnose durch transvaginale Sonografie gestellt, bei 2 Patientinnen wurde fälschlicherweise eine heterotope interstitielle Schwangerschaft diagnostiziert. Die diagnostische Genauigkeit betrug 75% (6/8). Fünf Patientinnen mit HIMPs wurden bei der ersten Untersuchung (SSW 5+6 bis 6+3) diagnostiziert. Bei allen 6 Patientinnen wurde eine intramurale Gestationshöhle festgestellt, und bei einer Patientin wurde bei den Folgeuntersuchungen ein Embryo mit Herzaktivität entdeckt. Intrauterine Schwangerschaften (IUPs) wurden bei allen 6 Patientinnen festgestellt, und bei 5 Patientinnen wurden zum Zeitpunkt der Erstdiagnose oder später Embryonen mit Herzaktivität beobachtet. Die Patientinnen, die eine abwartende Behandlung erhielten, wiesen alle Bagel-Zeichen auf, während die Patientinnen mit Embryonen mit Herzaktivität alle operiert wurden. Von den 6 diagnostizierten Frauen wurde 1 Patientin zunächst medizinisch behandelt, 4 wurden abwartend behandelt und 1 wurde operiert. Bei 5 der 6 diagnostizierten Patientinnen führten die IUPs zur Geburt von lebenden Kindern.
Schlussfolgerung Um die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer HIMP zu verringern, sollte ein einmaliger ET empfohlen werden. Eine genaue Diagnose von HIMP wurde in den meisten Fällen durch detaillierte Ultraschalluntersuchungen zu Beginn des ersten Trimesters gestellt. Die meisten IUPs von HIMPs scheinen bei rechtzeitiger und richtiger Behandlung einen guten Ausgang zu haben. Eine abwartende Behandlung könnte eine gute Wahl bei nicht lebensfähigen intramuralen Schwangerschaften sein.
Keywords
heterotopic pregnancy - intramural pregnancy - transvaginal sonography - the first trimester - in vitro fertilizationPublication History
Received: 27 November 2023
Accepted after revision: 15 July 2024
Article published online:
26 August 2024
© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.
Georg Thieme Verlag KG
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