Download PDF
Semin Plast Surg 2009; 23(2): 148-154
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1214167
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Animal Models for the Study of Osteomyelitis

Mitul Patel1 , Yuri Rojavin1 , Amir A. Jamali2 , Samantha J. Wasielewski1 , Christopher J. Salgado3
  • 1Department of Surgery, Cooper University Hospital, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Camden, New Jersey
  • 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, UC Davis Medical Center, Sacramento, California
  • 3Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
30 April 2009 (online)

    Permissions and Reprints

ABSTRACT

Osteomyelitis is an acute or chronic inflammatory process of the bone and its related structures secondary to an infection with pyogenic organisms. Because of the variety in disease presentations and pathophysiology of osteomyelitis, it is very difficult to evaluate in clinical studies. Therefore, animal models have been created for in vivo experimentation. A PubMed and OVID search was performed on March 31, 2008, using keywords osteomyelitis, animal model (rabbit, rat, mouse, avian, dog, sheep, and goat), and experimental osteomyelitis. The objective of this review was to provide a literature review of the animal models created to study osteomyelitis. The models were chosen based on historical relevance and clinical applicability. Numerous animal models exist to study both acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Many models have been created that allow investigators to study various aspects in the treatment and diagnosis of osteomyelitis. Based on the needs of investigators, an animal model must be carefully selected for ideal research, as no single model encompasses all aspects of osteomyelitis.

KEYWORDS

Osteomyelitis - animal models - rabbit - goat - mouse - canine

REFERENCES

  • 1 Maynor M L, Moon R E, Camporesi E M. Chronic osteomyelitis of the tibia: treatment of hyperbaric oxygen and autogenous microsurgical muscle transplantation.  J South Orthop Assoc. 1998;  7 43-57
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Waldvogel F A, Medoff G, Swartz M N. Osteomyelitis: a review of clinical features, therapeutic considerations, and unusual aspects (part 1–3).  N Engl J Med. 1970;  282 198-206
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Cierny III G, Mader J T, Penninck J J. A clinical staging system for adult osteomyelitis.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2003;  414 7-24
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Salgado C J, Jamali A A, Mardini S. A model for chronic osteomyelitis using Staphylococcus aureus in goats.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2005;  436 246-250
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Rissing J P. Animal models of osteomyelitis: knowledge, hypothesis, and speculation.  Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1990;  4 377-390
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 6 Scheman L, Janota M, Lewin P. The production of experimental osteomyelitis: preliminary report.  JAMA. 1941;  177 1525-1529
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 7 Leader P, Padgett P. Animal models in biomedical research. In: Fox JC, Cohen BJ, Loew FM Laboratory Animal Medicine. San Diego, CA; Academic Press Inc 1984: 134-139
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Rodet A. Etude experimentale sur l'osteomyelite infectieuse.  Compt Rend Acad Sci. 1884;  99 569-571
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Norden C W, Kennedy E. Experimental osteomyelitis. I: a description of the model.  J Infect Dis. 1970;  122 410-418
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Andriole V T, Nagel D A, Southwick W O. A paradigm for human chronic osteomyelitis.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1973;  55 1511-1515
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Johansson A, Svensson O, Blomgren G. Anaerobic osteomyelitis: a new experimental rabbit model.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1991;  265 297-301
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Schulz S, Steinhart H, Mutters R. Chronic osteomyelitis in a new rabbit model.  J Invest Surg. 2001;  14 121-131
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Zak O, Zak F, Rich R. Experimental staphylococcal osteomyelitits in rats: therapy with rifampin and cloxacillin alone or in combination. In: Perti P, Grassi G Current Chemotherapy and Immunotherapy. Washington, DC; American Society for Microbiology 1982: 973
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Rissing J P, Buxton T B, Weinstein B S. Model of experimental chronic osteomyelitis in rats.  Infect Immun. 1985;  47 581-586
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Spagnolo N, Greco F, Rossi A. Chronic staphylococcal osteomyelitis: a new experimental rat model.  Infect Immun. 1993;  61 5225-5230
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Gracia E, Laclériga A, Monzón M. Application of a rat osteomyelitis model to compare in vivo and in vitro the antibiotic efficacy against bacteria with high capacity to form biofilms.  J Surg Res. 1998;  79 146-153
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 17 Monzón M, Garcia-Alvarez F, Laclériga A. A simple infection model using pre-colonized implants to reproduce chronic Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and study antibiotic treatment.  J Orthop Res. 2001;  19 820-826
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Lucke M, Schmidmaier G, Sadoni S. A new model of implant-related osteomyelitis in rats.  J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2003;  67 593-602
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 19 Chadha H S, Fitzgerald R H, Wiater P et al.. Experimental acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in mice. I. Histopathological and immunological findings.  J Orthop Res. 1999;  17 376-381
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Emslie K R, Nade S. Acute hematogenous staphylococcal osteomyelitits. A description of the natural history in an avian model.  Am J Pathol. 1983;  110 333-345
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Deysine M, Rosario E, Isenberg H D. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis: an experimental model.  Surgery. 1976;  79 97-99
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 22 Fitzgerald R H. Experimental osteomyelitis: description of a canine model and the role of depot administration of antibiotics in the prevention and treatment of sepsis.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1983;  65 371-380
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 23 Petty W, Spanier S, Shuster J J. The influence of skeletal implants on incidence of infection. Experiments in a canine model.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1985;  67 1236-1244
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Garvin K L, Miyano J A, Robinson D. Polylactide/polyglycolide antibiotic implants in the treatment of osteomyelitis. A canine model.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1994;  76 1500-1506
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Kaarsemaker S, Walenkamp G HIM, Bogaard A EJ. New model for chronic osteomyelitis with Staphylococcus aureus in sheep.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1997;  339 246-252
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Rinsky L, Goris M L, Schurman D J, Nagel D A. Technetium-99 bone scanning in experimental osteomyelitis.  Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1977;  128 361-366
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Gratz S, Doerner J, Oestmann J W. 67Ga-citrate and 99Tcm-MDP for estimating the severity of vertebral osteomyelitis.  Nucl Med Commun. 2000;  21 111-120
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Gratz S, Rennen H J, Boerman O C et al.. Technetium-99-interleukin-8 for imaging acute osteomyelitits.  J Nucl Med. 2001;  42 1257-1264
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Dams E THM, Nijhof M W, Boerman O C. Scintigraphic evaluation of experimental chronic osteomyelitis.  J Nucl Med. 2000;  41 896-902
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Ledermann H P, Kaim A, Bongartz G. Pitfalls and limitations of magnetic resonance imaging in chronic posttraumatic OM.  Eur Radiol. 2000;  10 1815-1823
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 31 Koort J K, Makinen T J, Knuuti J. Comparative 18F-FDG PET of experimental Staphylococcus aureus osteomyelitis and normal bone healing.  J Nucl Med. 2004;  45 1406-1411
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 32 Jones-Jackson L, Walker R, Purnell G. Early detection of bone infection and differentiation from post-surgical inflammation using 2-deoxy-2-[18F]-fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in an animal model.  J Orthop Res. 2005;  23 1484-1489
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Makinen T J, Lankinen P, Poyhonen T. Comparison of 18F-FDG and 68Ga PET imaging in the assessment of experimental osteomyelitis due to Staphylococcus aureus.  Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2005;  32 1259-1268
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar

Christopher J SalgadoM.D. 

Department of Plastic Surgery, University Hospitals Cleveland, Case Western Reserve University

11100 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106

Email: salgado_plastics@hotmail.com

      >