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Synlett 2009(9): 1413-1416  
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1217165
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart ˙ New York

Enantioselective Syntheses of 2-Substituted Pyrrolidines from Allylamines by Domino Hydroformylation-Condensation: Short Syntheses of (S)-Nicotine and the Alkaloid 225C

Pierre Dübon, Andreas Farwick, Günter Helmchen*
Organisch-Chemisches Institut der Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Fax: +49(6221)544205; e-Mail: g.helmchen@oci.uni-heidelberg.de;
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Publikationsverlauf

Received 2 February 2009
Publikationsdatum:
13. Mai 2009 (online)

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Abstract

Short routes to chiral 2-substituted pyrrolidines based on rhodium-catalyzed hydroformylations of allylamines and their N-alkyl and N-acyl derivatives, which were prepared by asymmetric allylic substitutions, are described. The outcome of the hydroformylation reaction was controlled by the substituent at nitrogen, not by the substituent at carbon. In the case of N-alkylallylamines in situ reduction to the pyrrolidines occurred, with N-acyl derivatives hemiaminals and with primary amines cyclic imines were formed. Very short syntheses of (S)-nicotine and the alkaloid 225C are presented.

Key words

domino reactions - hydroformylation - pyrrolidines - ­alkaloids - cyclizations

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13

All new compounds described were fully characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic data. Yields always refer to isolated products.

14

General Procedure for the Rh-Catalyzed Hydroformylation-Reduction (cf. Conditions B, Scheme 4) A cylindrical glass vessel (2.5 × 7 cm) with a perforated snap on lid was charged with Rh(acac)(CO)2 (2.3 mg, 9.0 µmol), Biphephos (18 µmol), and a soln of the allylic amine (1.0 mmol) in CHCl3 (10 mL/mmol). The vessel was placed in an autoclave, which was pressurized (30 bar) with H2/CO (5:1); oxygen was removed by flushing twice with the gas mixture. The autoclave was then heated for 18-24 h at 50 ˚C. The resulting brown mixture was analyzed by GC-MS. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue subjected to flash chromatography on SiO2.

16

Very recently, a short synthesis of (S)-nicotine via hydroformylation of a homoallylazide has been reported,
cf. ref. 6g.