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Semin Neurol 2009; 29(4): 446-467
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1237124
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Sleep and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Sudhansu Chokroverty1 , 2
  • 1Department of Neurology and Divisions of Sleep Medicine and Clinical Neurophysiology, Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center, Edison, New Jersey
  • 2Seton Hall University, South Orange, New Jersey
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
09 September 2009 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Sleep disturbances are common in neurodegenerative diseases. Disturbed sleep can result in fatigue, irritability, morning headaches, impaired motor and cognitive skills, depression, and daytime somnolence. The major sleep complaints include insomnia, hypersomnia, parasomnia, excessive nocturnal motor activity, circadian sleep–wake rhythm disturbance, and respiratory dysrhythmia. The pathogenetic mechanisms of sleep disturbances may be secondary to direct structural alteration of the sleep–wake generating neurons or from several other indirect mechanisms. At the biochemical level, neurodegenerative diseases may be largely classified as tauopathies, α-synucleinopathies, and other diseases. Overnight polysomnography (PSG), Multiple Sleep Latency Test, Maintenance of Wakefulness Test, and actigraphy are some important diagnostic laboratory tests in the evaluation of sleep disturbances. Management of sleep disturbances is complex and is based primarily on the nature of the sleep disturbance. The clinical profiles, pathogenetic mechanisms, PSG findings, and management issues are discussed here with reference to some common neurodegenerative diseases.

KEYWORDS

Neurodegenerative disease - sleep disturbance - polysomnography (PSG) - molecular neurobiology

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Sudhansu ChokrovertyM.D. F.R.C.P. 

Neuroscience Institute at JFK Medical Center

65 James Street, Edison, NJ 08818

Email: schok@att.net