Subscribe to RSS
DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1245649
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Unclear Focal Liver Lesions in Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography – Lessons to be Learned from the DEGUM Multicenter Study for the Characterization of Liver Tumors
Kontrastmittelsonografie zur Charakterisierung fokaler Leberläsionen – DEGUM-MulticenterstudiePublication History
received: 6.5.2010
accepted: 20.7.2010
Publication Date:
25 August 2010 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Ziel:Klärung der Problemsituationen der Kontrastmittelsonografie an einem großen multizentrischen Kollektiv. Material und Methoden: Bei 1349 B-Bild morphologisch unklaren Leberraumforderungen wurde eine Kontrastmittelsonografie (CEUS) nach einem standardisierten Protokoll mit Dokumentation der hämodynamisch relevanten Perfusionsphasen (früharteriell, arteriell, portal-venös, Spätphase nach 2 min) durchgeführt. Die mittels CEUS gestellten Diagnosen wurden mit der Enddiagnose (Histologie: n = 1006; NMR: n = 269; CT: n = 269 – Mehrfachuntersuchung möglich) verglichen. Ergebnisse: Von den insgesamt 1349 eingeschlossenen Leberläsionen konnten 20 auch nach Ausschöpfen aller zur Verfügung stehenden Ergebnisse inkl. Histologie nicht geklärt werden (im Übrigen 573 benigne und 756 maligne). Mittels CEUS konnten von den 1349 im B-Bild + Duplex unklaren Läsionen 1257 mit einer Richtigkeit von 90,3 % bezüglich ihrer Dignität beurteilt werden. Die Sensitivität, Spezifität, die positive und negative Vorhersagekraft für maligne Leberläsionen betrugen 95,8 %, 83,1 %, 88,2 % und 93,7 %. Bei 92 Leberläsionen (6,8 %) blieb die Diagnose bzw. Dignität auch nach CEUS unklar. Hierbei handelte es sich bei 67 um letztlich benigne Läsionen. Bei 39 Läsionen war die Dignitätsbeurteilung mittels CEUS falsch, wobei allerdings nur bei 8 Läsionen die nach CEUS gestellte Diagnose „sicher benigne” falsch war. Schlussfolgerung: Die Kontrastmittelsonografie erwies sich auch in dieser multizentrischen Studie als hervorragende Methode zur Klärung von im B-Bild unklaren Leberläsionen. In Einzelfällen ist jedoch die Diagnose benigne Leberläsion falsch.
Abstract
Purpose: To discuss the difficulties of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in a large multi-center trial. Materials and Methods: CEUS was performed on 1349 liver lesions with an unclear diagnosis after native ultrasound using a standardized protocol (phase inversion; low MI < 0.4; Sonovue Bolus 1.2 – 4.8 ml). The early arterial, arterial, portal venous and late phase > 2 min. were documented. The diagnosis based on CEUS results was compared to the final diagnosis (histology: n = 1006; MRI: n = 269; CT: n = 269 – multiple examinations possible). Results: Of the 1349 enclosed liver lesions, 20 could not be definitively diagnosed even using all diagnostic steps including histology (the others were proven to be benign n = 573 or malignant n = 756). Of the 1349 unclear liver lesions, 1257 could be differentiated with an accuracy of 90.3 % using CEUS. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive value for malignant liver lesions was 95.8 %, 83.1 %, 88.2 % and 93.7 % respectively. 92 liver lesions (6.8 %) could not be definitively diagnosed using CEUS. Most of them were benign (n = 67) on final diagnosis. The CEUS diagnosis was wrong for 39 lesions. However, only 8 lesions classified as benign by CEUS turned out to be malignant. In 3 cases HCC proven by histology was incorrectly diagnosed by CEUS as adenoma and 2 lesions incorrectly diagnosed by CEUS as FNH turned out to be an HCC and a metastasis. Two lesions diagnosed by CEUS as hemangiomas turned out to be an HCC and a metastasis. One lesion classified as benign by CEUS was ultimately diagnosed as a lymphoma. Conclusion: Even in this multi-center trial, CEUS proved to be an excellent method for clarifying liver lesions remaining unclear after native ultrasound. The CEUS diagnosis of benign was only incorrect in a few cases.
Key words
abdomen - ultrasound - neoplasms
References
- 1 Rumack C M, Wilson S R, Charboneau J W et al. Diagnostic ultrasound. 2005 3 rd ed
- 2 Seitz K, Schuler A, Rettenmaier G. Klinische Sonographie und sonographische Differentialdiagnose. 2007 2nd ed
- 3 Cosgrove D, Dewbury K, Wilde P. Clinical Ultrasound: a comprehensive text. 1992
- 4 Catala V, Nicolau C, Vilana R et al. Characterization of focal liver lesions: comparative study of contrast-enhanced ultrasound versus spiral computed tomography. Eur Radiol. 2007; 17 1066-1073
- 5 Celli N, Gaiani S, Piscaglia F et al. Characterization of liver lesions by real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2007; 19 3-14
- 6 Herbay von A, Vogt C, Willers R et al. Real-time imaging with the sonographic contrast agent SonoVue: differentiation between benign and malignant hepatic lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 2004; 23 1557-1568
- 7 Bleuzen A, Huang C, Olar M et al. Diagnostic accuracy of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in focal lesions of the liver using cadence contrast pulse sequencing. Utraschall in Med. 2006; 27 40-48
- 8 Strobel D, Seitz K, Blank W et al. Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound for Characterization of Focal Liver Lesions – Diagnostic Accuracy in Clinical Practice. Ultraschall in Med. 2008; 29 499-505
- 9 Strobel D, Seitz K, Blank W et al. Tumor-specific vascularization pattern of liver metastasis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia in the differential diagnosis of 1349 liver lesions in contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). Ultraschall in Med. 2009; 30 376-82
- 10 Leen E, Ceccotti P, Kalogeropoulou C et al. Prospective multicenter trial evaluating a novel method of characterizing focal liver lesions using contrast-enhanced sonography. Am J Roentgenol. 2006; 186 1551-1559
- 11 Quaia E, Stacul F, Gaiani S et al. Comparison of diagnostic performance of unenhanced vs. SonoVue-enhanced ultrasonography in focal liver lesions characterization. The experience of three Italian centers. Radiol Med. 2004; 108 71-81
- 12 Liu G J, Xu H X, Lu M D et al. Enhancement pattern of hepatocellular carcinoma: comparison of real-time contrast-enhanced ultrasound an contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Clin Imaging. 2006; 30 315-321
- 13 Dietrich C F, Mertens J C, Braden B et al. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of histologically proven liver hemangiomas. Hepatology. 2007; 45 1139-1145
- 14 Dietrich C F, Schuessler G, Trojan J et al. Differentiation of focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Br J Radiol. 2005; 78 704-707
- 15 Strobel D, Kleinecke C, Hänsler J et al. Contrast-enhanced sonography for characterisation of hepatocellular carcinomas – correlation with histologic differentiation. Ultraschall in Med. 2005; 26 270-276
- 16 Mörk H, Ignee A, Schuessler G et al. Analysis of neuroendocrine tumour metastases in the liver using contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2007; 42 652-662
- 17 EFSUMB Study Group . Guidelines for the use of contrast agents in ultrasound. Ultraschall in Med. 2004; 25 249-256
- 18 Claudon M, Cosgrove D, Albrecht T et al. Guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast enhanced ultrasound CEUS) – update 2008. Ultraschall in Med. 2008; 29 28-44
- 19 Dietrich C F. Comments and illustrations regarding the guidelines and good clinical practice recommendations for contrast-enhanced ultrasound – update 2008. Ultraschall in Med. 2008; 29 188-202
Dr. Thomas Bernatik
Department of Medicine 1, Universitiy Erlangen-Nuremberg
Ulmenweg 18
91054 Erlangen
Germany
Phone: ++ 49/91 31/8 54 50 37
Fax: ++ 49/91 31/8 53 52 52
Email: thomas.bernatik@uk-erlangen.de