Funktionen und Funktionsstörungen der respiratorischen Schleimhaut der Nase und der Nasennebenhöhlen

Zusammenfassung

Die Anatomie und Physiologie der respiratorischen Schleimhaut von Nase und Nasennebenhöhen wird in ihren klinisch relevanten Aspekten dargestellt. Dabei werden die wesentlichen Grundlagen der Reinigungsfunktion der Nase mit mukoziliärer Clearance und nasalen Reflexen ebenso wie die Abwehrfunktion dargestellt. Der normale Ablauf der Wundheilung, Besonderheiten zur nasalen Applikation topischer Medikamente sowie die Vorstellung typischer diagnostischer Tests vervollständigen die Einblicke in die physiologischen Abläufe der respiratorischen Schleimhaut. Abschließend wird die Pathophysiologie verschiedener nicht-allergischer Rhinitiden mit Therapieempfehlungen übersichtsartig zusammengefasst.

Abstract

Physiology and Pathophysiology of Respiratory Mucosa of the Nose and the Paranasal Sinuses

In this review, anatomy and physiology of the respiratory mucosa of nose and paranasal sinuses are summarized under the aspect of its clinical significance. Basics of endonasal cleaning including mucociliary clearance and nasal reflexes, as well as defence mechanisms are explained. Physiological wound healing, aspects of endonasal topical medical therapy and typical diagnostic procedures to evaluate the respiratory functions are presented. Finally, the pathophysiologies of different subtypes of non-allergic rhinitis are outlined together with treatment recommendations.

Schlüsselwörter

Physiologie - Pathophysiologie - mukoziliäre Clearance - nicht-allergische Rhinitis - Nasenzyklus

Key words

physiology - pathophysiology - mucociliary clearance - non-allergic rhinitis - nasal cycle

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