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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1253682
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Metabolische und Herz-Kreislauf-Auswirkungen von Muskelaktivität, Sport und Fitness bei Typ-2-Diabetes
Metabolic and cardiovascular effects of physical activity, exercise and fitness in patients with type 2 diabetesPublikationsverlauf
eingereicht: 20.11.2009
akzeptiert: 19.2.2010
Publikationsdatum:
27. April 2010 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Die Zahl der Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 erreicht weltweit epidemische Proportionen und führt bei den betroffenen Patienten zu einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen zu vorzeitiger Mortalität. Die chronische Hyperglykämie ist die klinische Manifestation des Diabetes mellitus, die aus einer multifaktoriellen Ätiologie genetischer, Umwelt- und Verhaltensfaktoren entsteht. In der Pathogenese des Typ 2 Diabetes spielt die Kombination aus Insulinresistenz von Leber, Muskulatur und Fettgewebe gemeinsam mit einem zunehmenden Insulinsekretionsdefekt der β-Zellen eine zentrale Rolle. Bewegungsarmut und körperliche Inaktivität sind prädisponierende Faktoren bei der Entstehung des Typ 2 Diabetes. In diesem Zusammenhang gilt es als bewiesen, dass vermehrte körperliche Aktivität eine Bedeutung in der Prävention und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes und dessen Folgeerkrankungen hat. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden wesentliche Studien zu den metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Auswirkungen von Muskelaktivität, gesteigerter körperlicher Aktivität und Fitness bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes diskutiert.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and premature mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia is the clinical manifestation of diabetes and evolves through a multifactorial etiology of genetic, environmental, and behavioural factors. In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance of the liver, skeletal muscle and fat as well as the inability of insulin secreting beta-cells to fully compensate for this insulin resistance are the central pathophysiological events. There are several lines of scientific evidence demonstrating a role of physical inactivity in the etiology and beneficial effects of exercise in both prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and its related morbidity. This review is focussing on recent studies that have examined the effects of increased physical activity and fitness on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Schlüsselwörter
Sport - Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 - Stoffwechsel - Insulinresistenz - Adipositas - Hypoglykämie
Keywords
exercise - type 2 diabetes - metabolism - insulin resistance - obesity - hypoglycemia
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Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Blüher
Klinik für Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Department
für Innere Medizin der Universität Leipzig
Liebigstr.
20
04103 Leipzig
Telefon: 0341/97-15984
Fax: 0341/97-22439
eMail: bluma@medizin.uni-leipzig.de