Zusammenfassung
Die Zahl der Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 erreicht weltweit
epidemische Proportionen und führt bei den betroffenen
Patienten zu einem erhöhten Risiko für kardiovaskuläre
Erkrankungen zu vorzeitiger Mortalität. Die chronische Hyperglykämie
ist die klinische Manifestation des Diabetes mellitus, die aus einer
multifaktoriellen Ätiologie genetischer, Umwelt- und Verhaltensfaktoren
entsteht. In der Pathogenese des Typ 2 Diabetes spielt die Kombination
aus Insulinresistenz von Leber, Muskulatur und Fettgewebe gemeinsam
mit einem zunehmenden Insulinsekretionsdefekt der β-Zellen
eine zentrale Rolle. Bewegungsarmut und körperliche Inaktivität
sind prädisponierende Faktoren bei der Entstehung des Typ
2 Diabetes. In diesem Zusammenhang gilt es als bewiesen, dass vermehrte
körperliche Aktivität eine Bedeutung in der Prävention
und Therapie des Typ 2 Diabetes und dessen Folgeerkrankungen hat.
In dieser Übersichtsarbeit werden wesentliche Studien zu
den metabolischen und kardiovaskulären Auswirkungen von
Muskelaktivität, gesteigerter körperlicher Aktivität
und Fitness bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes diskutiert.
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has reached epidemic proportions worldwide
and is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease
and premature mortality. Chronic hyperglycemia is the clinical manifestation
of diabetes and evolves through a multifactorial etiology of genetic, environmental,
and behavioural factors. In the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes,
insulin resistance of the liver, skeletal muscle and fat as well
as the inability of insulin secreting beta-cells to fully compensate
for this insulin resistance are the central pathophysiological events.
There are several lines of scientific evidence demonstrating a role
of physical inactivity in the etiology and beneficial effects of
exercise in both prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes and
its related morbidity. This review is focussing on recent studies
that have examined the effects of increased physical activity and
fitness on metabolic and cardiovascular parameters in patients with
type 2 diabetes.
Schlüsselwörter
Sport - Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 - Stoffwechsel - Insulinresistenz - Adipositas - Hypoglykämie
Keywords
exercise - type 2 diabetes - metabolism - insulin resistance - obesity - hypoglycemia
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Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Blüher
Klinik für Endokrinologie und Nephrologie, Department
für Innere Medizin der Universität Leipzig
Liebigstr.
20
04103 Leipzig
Phone: 0341/97-15984
Fax: 0341/97-22439
Email: bluma@medizin.uni-leipzig.de
