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Semin Neurol 2010; 30(3): 320-331
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1255223
© Thieme Medical Publishers

Update on Paraneoplastic and Autoimmune Disorders of the Central Nervous System

Myrna R. Rosenfeld1 , Josep Dalmau1
  • 1Department of Neurology, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Publication History

Publication Date:
24 June 2010 (online)

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ABSTRACT

Although the discovery of antineuronal antibodies has facilitated the diagnosis of paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, the recognition and treatment of these disorders remain a challenge. Some antibodies are more syndrome-specific than others, and some syndromes suggest a paraneoplastic etiology more frequently than others. Because some antineuronal antibodies may occur in cancer patients without paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, their detection does not necessarily imply that a neurologic disorder is paraneoplastic. Moreover, there is an emerging group of encephalitides that appear to be mediated by antibodies against cell surface or synaptic proteins, may occur with or without tumor association, and are responsive to treatment. This review analyzes the immune responses associated with paraneoplastic and nonparaneoplastic disorders of the central nervous system, and the main clinical features and response to treatment.

KEYWORDS

Paraneoplastic - neurologic - syndromes - antineuronal - synaptic autoimmunity

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Josep DalmauM.D. Ph.D. 

Department of Neurology, 3 W. Gates, Division of Neuro-Oncology, University of Pennsylvania

3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104

Email: josep.dalmau@uphs.upenn.edu