Subscribe to RSS
Please copy the URL and add it into your RSS Feed Reader.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/en/10.1055-s-00000083.xml
Synlett 2011(15): 2171-2176
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261205
DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1261205
LETTER
© Georg Thieme Verlag
Stuttgart ˙ New YorkCationic Ir(I)-Catalyzed sp³ C-H Bond Alkenylation of Ureas with Alkynes for the Synthesis of 2,3-Disubstituted Indoles
Further Information
Received
27 June 2011
Publication Date:
30 August 2011 (online)
Publication History
Publication Date:
30 August 2011 (online)

Abstract
Secondary sp³ C-H bond activation of ureas was achieved by a cationic Ir(I)-JOSIPHOS catalyst. Regioselective C-H bond cleavage adjacent to the nitrogen atom in N-benzylureas and an N-allyl urea possessing a 2-alkynylphenyl group, and subsequent intramolecular reaction with an alkyne along with double-bond isomerization provided 2,3-disubstituted indoles.
Key words
C-H bond activation - directing group - indoles - iridium - ureas
- 1
Murai S.Kakiuchi F.Sekine S.Tanaka Y.Kamatani A.Sonoda M.Chatani N. Nature (London) 1993, 366: 529 - For recent reviews, see:
- 2a
Handbook
of C-H Transformations
Dyker G. Wiley-VCH; Weinheim: 2005. - 2b
Alberico D.Scott ME.Lautens M. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107: 174 - 2c
Davies HML.Manning JR. Nature (London) 2008, 451: 417 - 2d
Kakiuchi F.Kochi T. Synthesis 2008, 3013 - 2e
Kitamura T. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2009, 1111 - 2f
Giri R.Shi B.-F.Engle KM.Maugel N.Yu J.-Q. Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38: 3242 - 2g
Colby DA.Bergman RG.Ellman JA. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110: 624 - 2h
Lyons TM.Sanford MS. Chem. Rev. 2010, 110: 1147 - 2i
C-H
Activation
Yu J.-Q.Shi Z. Springer; Berlin: 2010. - For selected examples, see:
- 3a
Tokunaga Y.Sakakura T.Tanaka M. J. Mol. Catal. 1989, 56: 305 - 3b
Sakaguchi S.Kubo T.Ishii Y. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40: 2534 - 3c
Li Z.Li C.-J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 11810 - 3d
Zaitsev VG.Shabashov D.Daugulis O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127: 13154 - 3e
Giri R.Maugel N.Li J.-J.Wang D.-H.Breazzano SP.Saunders LB.Yu J.-Q. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 3510 - 3f
Lafrance M.Gorelsky SI.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129: 14570 - 3g
Chaumontet M.Piccardi R.Audic N.Hitce J.Peglion J.-L.Baudoin O. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 15157 - 3h
Tsuchikama K.Kasagawa M.Endo K.Shibata T. Org. Lett. 2009, 11: 1821 - 4a
Ishii Y.Chatani N.Kakiuchi F.Murai S. Organometallics 1997, 16: 3615 - 4b
Jun C.-H.Hwang D.-C.Na S.-J. Chem. Commun. 1998, 1405 - 4c
Chatani N.Asaumi T.Yorimitsu S.Ikeda T.Kakiuchi F.Murai S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123: 10935 - 4d
DoBoef B.Pastine SJ.Sames D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 6556 - 4e
Pastine S.Gribkov DV.Sames D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128: 14220 - Indole synthesis initiated by transition-metal-catalyzed sp² C-H bond activation:
- 5a
Stuart DR.Bertrand-Laperle M.Burgess KMN.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130: 16474 - 5b
Wurtz S.Rakshit S.Neumann JJ.Droge T.Glorius F. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47: 7230 - 5c
Shi Z.Zhang C.Li S.Pan D.Ding S.Cui Y.Jiao N. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2009, 48: 4572 - 5d
Stuart DR.Alsabeh P.Kuhn M.Fagnou K. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132: 18326 - 5e
Huestis MP.Chan L.Stuart DR.Fagnou K. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50: 1338 - 5f
Chen J.Pang Q.Sun Y.Li X. J. Org. Chem. 2011, 76: 3523 - 6a
Tsuchikama K.Kasagawa M.Hashimoto Y.Endo K.Shibata T. J. Organomet. Chem. 2008, 693: 3939 - 6b
Tsuchikama K.Hashimoto Y.Endo K.Shibata T. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2009, 351: 2850 - 6c
Tsuchikama K.Kasagawa M.Endo K.Shibata T. Synlett 2010, 97 - 7a
Shimada T.Nakamura I.Yamamoto Y. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126: 10546 - 7b
Nakamura I.Sato Y.Konta S.Terada M. Tetrahedron Lett. 2009, 50: 2075 - Removal of the N,N-diethylcarboxyamide group from the N-protected indoles:
- 10a
Comins DL.Stroud ED. Tetrahedron Lett. 1986, 27: 1869 - 10b
Castells J.Tram Y.Diez A.Rublralta M. Tetrahedron 1991, 47: 7911
References and Notes
When a methoxy group was installed at the para position, the reaction gave a complex mixture.
9Dehydrogenation from diethylurea group is a possible hydrogen source.