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DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1270431
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen als Prädiktoren der krankheitsbedingten Frühberentung: Ein Beitrag zur Beurteilung des Rehabilitationsbedarfs
Work Related Psychosocial Factors and the Risk of Early Disability Pensioning: A Contribution to Assessing the Need for RehabilitationPublication History
Publication Date:
14 February 2011 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/rehabilitation/201101/lookinside/thumbnails/10.1055-s-0030-1270431-1.jpg)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Im Bedarfsfeststellungsverfahren spielt die Abschätzung des weiteren Verlaufs einer Erkrankung eine zentrale Rolle. Arbeitsbedingte Risikofaktoren können diesen Verlauf nachhaltig beeinflussen und es stellt sich die Frage, ob und wie diese Faktoren im Bedarfsfeststellungsverfahren zu berücksichtigen sind.
Ziel: Für den Bereich der psychosozialen Arbeitsbelastungen ist im Rahmen einer Literaturübersicht die empirische Evidenz zum Zusammenhang mit dem Risiko der krankheitsbedingten Frühberentung gesichtet worden. Ziel war es, Informationen zu sammeln, die Hinweise darauf geben, welche spezifischen Risikokonstellationen mit einer ungünstigen Erwerbsprognose einhergehen.
Methoden: Es wurde eine systematische Literatursuche durchgeführt. 20 Studien, die sich mit psychosozialen Arbeitsbelastungen als Risikofaktoren für die krankheitsbedingte Frührente beschäftigt haben, erfüllten die Auswahlkriterien.
Ergebnisse: Die Mehrzahl der Ergebnisse zeigt ein signifikant erhöhtes Berentungsrisiko bei Personen, die am Arbeitsplatz psychosozialen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind. Wichtige Einzelfaktoren sind beispielsweise ein geringer Entscheidungsspielraum, monotone Arbeit, Arbeitsstress (Job Strain, Gratifikationskrisen), fehlende soziale Unterstützung sowie Aspekte einer problematischen Arbeitsorganisation und Managementkultur.
Schlussfolgerung: Die bisherige Studienlage lässt vermuten, dass psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen einen moderierenden Einfluss auf die kurz- und langfristige Prognose haben.
Abstract
Background: Predicting the risk of disability in injured or sick workers is important to adequately assess the need for prevention and rehabilitation. Work-related factors could modify the risk of disability in a sustainable manner, and assessment of these factors might contribute to better risk prediction.
Aim: Using the example of psychosocial work factors, empirical studies examining the question whether those exposures predict forthcoming events of disability retirement were to be identified. The review was expected to help quantify disability risks related to specific psychosocial factors at work.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted. 20 studies were found which studied associations between disability retirement and different aspects of the psychosocial work environment in a longitudinal design.
Results: Most studies found elevated disability risks in persons exposed to psychosocial factors at work. Important single factors were low control, monotonous work, work stress (job strain, effort-reward imbalance), a lack of social support, problems related to the organization of work and to leadership behaviours.
Conclusion: There is evidence that psychosocial work factors influence the short- and long-term risk of disability pensioning.
Schlüsselwörter
Bedarfsfeststellung - Rehabilitationsbedarf - psychosoziale Arbeitsbelastungen - krankheitsbedingtes Frühberentungsrisiko - Erwerbsminderungsrente
Key words
needs assessment - need for rehab - psychosocial factors at work - health-related risk of premature retirement - disability pension
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Korrespondenzadresse
Dr. Nico Dragano
Institut für Medizinische
Informatik, Biometrie und
Epidemiologie
Universitätsklinikum Essen
Universität Duisburg-Essen
Hufelandstraße 55
45122 Essen
Email: nico.dragano@uk-essen.de