RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1273063
Bewegungen erlernen und automatisieren: Worauf ist die Aufmerksamkeit zu richten?
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
23. Februar 2011 (online)

Zusammenfassung
Aktuelle Studien zu Bewegungsinstruktionen zeigen, dass ein externer Fokus das motorische Lernen verbessert. Nicht nur die Effektivität und Effizienz der Bewegungsausführung profitieren davon, sondern auch die Genauigkeit einer Bewegung, die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit und die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit werden verbessert. Was genau ist ein externer Fokus in der Therapiesituation und welche Tricks wendet ein Therapeut an, um die Aufmerksamkeit seines Patienten auf einen externen Fokus zu lenken? Lesen Sie, wie spannend und abwechslungsreich Therapeuten ihre Patienten zum Ziel führen können.
Literatur
- 01
Al-Abood S A, Bennett S J, Hernandez F M et al..
Effects of verbal instructions and image size on visual
search strategies in basketball free throw shooting.
Journal of Sports Sciences.
2002;
20
271-278
MissingFormLabel
- 02
Bell J J, Hardy J.
Effects of attentional focus on skilled performance in
golf.
Journal of Applied Sport Psychology.
2009;
21
163-177
MissingFormLabel
- 03
Durham K, Van Vliet P M, Badger F et al..
Use of information feedback and attentional focus of feedback
in treating the person with a hemiplegic arm.
Physiotherapy Research International.
2009;
14
77-90
MissingFormLabel
- 04
Fasoli S E, Trombly C A, Tickle-Degnen L et al..
Effect of instructions on functional reach in persons with
and without cerebrovascular accident.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy.
2002;
56
380-390
MissingFormLabel
- 05 Hollmann W, Hettinger T. Sportmedizin – Arbeits- und Trainingsgrundlagen. Schattauer; Stuttgart, New York; 1976
MissingFormLabel
- 06
Landers M, Wulf G, Wallmann H et al..
An external focus of attention attenuates balance impairment
in Parkinson’s disease.
Physiotherapy.
2005;
91
152-185
MissingFormLabel
- 07
Laufer Y, Rotem-Lehrer N, Ronen Z et al..
Effect of attention focus on acquisition and retention of
postural control following ankle sprain.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
2007;
88
105-108
MissingFormLabel
- 08
Lohse K R, Sherwood D E, Healy A F.
How changing the focus of attention affects performance,
kinematics, and electromyography in dart throwing.
Human Movement Science.
2010;
29
542-555
MissingFormLabel
- 09 Marchant D C, Greig M, Scott C. Attentional focusing strategies influence muscle activity
during isokinetic bicep curls. Poster, Annual Conference of the British Psychological
Society; Cardiff, UK; 2006
MissingFormLabel
- 10 Marchant D C, Greig C, Scott C. Attentional focusing instructions influence force production and muscular activity during isokinetic elbow flexions. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 2009; 23 2358-2366
- 11 McKay B, Wulf G A. Distal external focus enhances novice dart throwing
performance. 2010 zur Veröffentlichung eingereichtes Manuskript
MissingFormLabel
- 12 McNevin N H, Wulf G. Attentional focus on supra-postural tasks affects postural control. Human Movement Science. 2002; 21 187-202
- 13 McNevin N H, Shea C H, Wulf G. Increasing the distance of an external focus of attention enhances learning. Psychological Research. 2003; 67 22-29
- 14 Park J H, Shea C H, McNevin N H et al.. Attentional focus and the control of dynamic balance. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology. 2000; 22 85
- 15 Schücker L, Hagemann N, Strauß B et al.. The effect of attentional focus on running economy. Journal of Sport Science. 2009; 27 1241-1248
- 16 Totsika V, Wulf G. The influence of external and internal foci of attention on transfer to novel situations and skills. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2003; 74 220-225
- 17 Vance J, Wulf G, Töllner T. EMG activity as a function of the performer’s focus of attention. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2004; 36 450-459
- 18 Wulf G, Höß M, Prinz W. Instructions for motor learning: Differential effects of internal versus external focus of attention. Journal of Motor Behavior. 1998; 30 169-179
- 19 Wulf G, Lauterbach B, Toole T. Learning advantages of an external focus of attention in golf. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 1999; 70 120-126
- 20 Wulf G, McNevin N H, Shea C H. The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a function of attentional focus. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2001; 54 1143-1154
- 21 Wulf G, Prinz W. Directing attention to movement effects enhances learning: A review. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review. 2001; 8 648-660
- 22 Wulf G, McConnel N, Gärtner M et al.. Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external-focus feedback. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2002; 34 171-182
- 23 Wulf G, Weigelt M, Poulter D R. Attentional focus on supra-postural tasks affects balance learning. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology. 2003; 56 1191-1211
- 24 Wulf G, Su J. An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport. 2007; 78 384-389
- 25 Wulf G, Zachry T, Granados C. Increases in jump-and-reach height through an external focus of attention. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching. 2007; 2 275-284
- 26 Wulf G. Aufmerksamkeit und motorisches Lernen. Elsevier; München; 2009
- 27 Wulf G, Dufek J S. Increased jump height with an external attentional focus is due to augmented force production. Journal of Motor Behavior. 2009; 41 401-409
- 28 Wulf G, Landers M, Lewthwaite R et al.. External focus instructions reduce postural instability in individuals with Parkinson disease. Physical Therapy. 2009; 89 162-168
- 29 Wulf G, Dufek J S, Lozano L et al.. Increased jump height and reduced EMG activity with an external focus of attention. Hum Mov Sci. 2010; 29 440-448
- 30 Wulf G, Lewthwaite R. Effortless motor learning? An external focus of attention
enhances movement effectiveness and efficiency. In Bruya B, ed. Effortless attention: A new perspective in attention and
action. MA: MIT Press; Cambridge; 2010: 75-101
MissingFormLabel
- 31 Zachry T, Wulf G, Mercer J et al.. Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention. Brain Research Bulletin. 2005; 67 304-309
Prof. Dr. Gabriele Wulf
Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Las Vegas, NV 89154-3034
Telefon: (001) 702-895-0938
eMail: gabriele.wulf@unlv.edu