Aktuelle Studien zu Bewegungsinstruktionen zeigen, dass ein externer
Fokus das motorische Lernen verbessert. Nicht nur die Effektivität und
Effizienz der Bewegungsausführung profitieren davon, sondern auch die
Genauigkeit einer Bewegung, die Gleichgewichtsfähigkeit und die
Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit werden verbessert. Was genau ist ein externer Fokus in
der Therapiesituation und welche Tricks wendet ein Therapeut an, um die
Aufmerksamkeit seines Patienten auf einen externen Fokus zu lenken? Lesen Sie,
wie spannend und abwechslungsreich Therapeuten ihre Patienten zum Ziel
führen können.
Literatur
01
Al-Abood S A, Bennett S J, Hernandez F M et al..
Effects of verbal instructions and image size on visual
search strategies in basketball free throw shooting.
Journal of Sports Sciences.
2002;
20
271-278
03
Durham K, Van Vliet P M, Badger F et al..
Use of information feedback and attentional focus of feedback
in treating the person with a hemiplegic arm.
Physiotherapy Research International.
2009;
14
77-90
04
Fasoli S E, Trombly C A, Tickle-Degnen L et al..
Effect of instructions on functional reach in persons with
and without cerebrovascular accident.
American Journal of Occupational Therapy.
2002;
56
380-390
06
Landers M, Wulf G, Wallmann H et al..
An external focus of attention attenuates balance impairment
in Parkinson’s disease.
Physiotherapy.
2005;
91
152-185
07
Laufer Y, Rotem-Lehrer N, Ronen Z et al..
Effect of attention focus on acquisition and retention of
postural control following ankle sprain.
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation.
2007;
88
105-108
08
Lohse K R, Sherwood D E, Healy A F.
How changing the focus of attention affects performance,
kinematics, and electromyography in dart throwing.
Human Movement Science.
2010;
29
542-555
09 Marchant D C, Greig M, Scott C. Attentional focusing strategies influence muscle activity
during isokinetic bicep curls. Poster, Annual Conference of the British Psychological
Society; Cardiff, UK; 2006
10
Marchant D C, Greig C, Scott C.
Attentional focusing instructions influence force production
and muscular activity during isokinetic elbow flexions.
Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research.
2009;
23
2358-2366
16
Totsika V, Wulf G.
The influence of external and internal foci of attention on
transfer to novel situations and skills.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.
2003;
74
220-225
18
Wulf G, Höß M, Prinz W.
Instructions for motor learning: Differential effects of
internal versus external focus of attention.
Journal of Motor Behavior.
1998;
30
169-179
19
Wulf G, Lauterbach B, Toole T.
Learning advantages of an external focus of attention in
golf.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.
1999;
70
120-126
20
Wulf G, McNevin N H, Shea C H.
The automaticity of complex motor skill learning as a
function of attentional focus.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
2001;
54
1143-1154
22
Wulf G, McConnel N, Gärtner M et al..
Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external-focus
feedback.
Journal of Motor Behavior.
2002;
34
171-182
23
Wulf G, Weigelt M, Poulter D R.
Attentional focus on supra-postural tasks affects balance
learning.
Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology.
2003;
56
1191-1211
24
Wulf G, Su J.
An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in
beginners and experts.
Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport.
2007;
78
384-389
25
Wulf G, Zachry T, Granados C.
Increases in jump-and-reach height through an external focus
of attention.
International Journal of Sports Science &
Coaching.
2007;
2
275-284
27
Wulf G, Dufek J S.
Increased jump height with an external attentional focus is
due to augmented force production.
Journal of Motor Behavior.
2009;
41
401-409
28
Wulf G, Landers M, Lewthwaite R et al..
External focus instructions reduce postural instability in
individuals with Parkinson disease.
Physical Therapy.
2009;
89
162-168
29
Wulf G, Dufek J S, Lozano L et al..
Increased jump height and reduced EMG activity with an
external focus of attention.
Hum Mov Sci.
2010;
29
440-448
30 Wulf G, Lewthwaite R. Effortless motor learning? An external focus of attention
enhances movement effectiveness and efficiency. In Bruya B, ed. Effortless attention: A new perspective in attention and
action. MA: MIT Press; Cambridge; 2010: 75-101
31
Zachry T, Wulf G, Mercer J et al..
Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the
result of adopting an external focus of attention.
Brain Research Bulletin.
2005;
67
304-309