Summary
Pruritus is not a disease but a physiological protective alarm system which might
react in a pathological destructive fashion, depending on the triggering cause. In
horses a frequently suspected reason for destructive pruritus is an allergic disease
termed “summer eczema”, “sweet itch”, or “insect bite hypersensitivity”. However,
there are numerous alternatives provoking similar clinical symptoms. Additional problems
for proper diagnosis and appropriate therapy cause “mixed” forms of diseases: On one
hand different causes might occur simultaneously and on the other hand one cause might
act via different pathomechanisms. For example: Black flies might provoke strong itching
just by their injected saliva when biting (simuliotoxicosis) without any underlying
allergy. However, a horse might be allergic against such saliva components. Thus,
the intense pruritus is now caused by type I-allergy mechanisms within the framework
of a “summer eczema”. This paper compromises two parts. Part 1: Definition and clinical
forms of “summer eczema”. Part 2 (to follow in issue 3/2011 of this journal): Pathomechanisms
of “summer eczema” including relevant diagnostics plus a list of most of the relevant
alternative causes for pruritus and/or “sweet itch”-like symptoms.
Key words
pruritus - allergy - summer eczema - IBH - dermatitis - diagnostics
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1 Abbildungen 2–22: © W. Leibold.
Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Leibold
Dr. Stefan Hampel
Dr. Jens Rohwer
Immunologie der Tierärztlichen Hochschule
Bischofsholer Damm 15
30173 Hannover
Email: wleibold@gmail.com