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DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281673
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York
Akkommodative Introkularlinsen – Grundlagen der klinischen Evaluation und aktuelle Ergebnisse
Accommodative Intraocular Lenses – Principles of Clinical Evaluation and Current ResultsPublication History
Eingegangen: 21.6.2011
Angenommen: 1.8.2011
Publication Date:
11 August 2011 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Hintergrund: Eine potenzielle Möglichkeit der chirurgischen Presbyopiekorrektur nach Kataraktextraktion oder beim refraktiven Linsenaustausch stellen akkommodative Intraokularlinsen (IOL) dar. Bei deren Evaluation muss jedoch auf Unterscheidung pseudoakkommodativer und akkommodativer Effekte geachtet werden, die beide positiven Einfluss auf Nahsehschärfe und Lesefähigkeit nehmen können. Nur so kann tatsächlich Akkommodation nachgewiesen werden. Material und Methode: Diese Übersichtsarbeit gibt einen kurzen Überblick zu den Grundlagen der Akkommodation sowie der Presbyopie und erläutert anschließend mögliche Verfahren zur Prüfung von Nahsehschärfe, Lesefähigkeit und akkommodativen Prozessen, sowie Möglichkeiten diese Test so durchzuführen, dass zwischen akkommodativen und pseudoakkommodativen Effekten unterschieden werden kann. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Kenntnisse wird anschließend die aktuelle Literatur zu den Ergebnissen nach Implantation potenziell akkommodierender Intraokularlinsen betrachtet. Ergebnisse: Eine Unterscheidung zwischen akkommodativen und pseudoakkommodativen Effekten ist im klinischen Alltag durch Defokuskurven möglich, besser eignen sich noch freisichtige Aberrometer und Refraktometer sowie die Messungen von Bewegungen der IOL ohne pharmakologische Stimulation. Leseproben sind hingegen ungeeignet. Derzeit finden sich in der klinisch-wissenschaftlichen Literatur im Wesentlichen 7 Modelle potenziell akkommodierender Linsen (5 Einzeloptiken, eine Geloptik und eine Doppeloptik) die alle auf dem Prinzip der Umsetzung der Kontraktion des Ziliarmuskels in eine okuläre Brechkraftänderung entweder durch Vorwärtsbewegung der IOL oder durch Änderung der Mittendicke und/oder der Krümmungsradien der IOL beruhen. Ein Nachweis der akkommodativen Fähigkeiten dieser IOL konnte unter physiologischen, nicht pharmakologisch stimulierten Bedingungen, bisher nicht erbracht werden. Dennoch werden mit den Implantaten zum Teil erheblich verbesserte Sehschärfewerte im Nah- und besonders im Intermediärbereich gezeigt. Schlussfolgerung: Unter Verwendung geeigneter Prüfmethoden zeigt sich, dass die positiven Effekte akkommodativer Intraokularlinsen eher auf pseudoakkommodativen, denn auf akkommodativen Effekten beruhen.
Abstract
Background: A potential option for the correction of presbyopia after cataract extraction or refractive lens exchange is the implantation of accommodative intraocular lenses (IOL). When evaluating these lenses, it is essential to differentiate between accommodative and pseudoaccommodative effects, as both may have a positive impact on near visual acuity and reading performance. Only in this way accommodation can be proved. Material and Methods: This article provides a brief overview on the principles of accommodation and presbyopia. Furthermore, different tests for testing near visual acuity, reading ability and accommodative processes are described, as well as options to perform these in a manner that allows the differentiation between accommodative and pseudoaccomodative effects. Against this background, the current literature has been reviewed regarding the results of potential accommodative IOLs. Results: A differentiation between accommodative effects in clinical practice can be performed using defocus curves or better open field aberrometers or refractometers as well as IOL movement measurements under non-pharmacologically stimulated conditions. Reading charts are not suitable. Currently mainly 7 different potential accommodating IOLs can be found in clinical research literature (5 single-optics, 1 gel-optic and one dual-optic). All of them are based on the principle of using ciliary muscle contraction for moving the IOL or changing its thickness and/or surface radii during accommodation in order to change the ocular refractive power. A proof of principle of such lenses under physiological, non-pharmacologically stimulated conditions is still lacking. However, the evaluated implants show significant improvement in terms of visual acuity in near and especially intermediate distances. Conclusion: Using adequate testing procedures it becomes clear that the positive near vision effects achieved with accommodative intraocular lenses are due rather to pseudoaccommodative effects than to accommodative ones.
Schlüsselwörter
Akkommodation - Presbyopie - Nahvisus - akkommodative Intraokularlinsen - Katarakt - Lesevisus
Key words
accommodation - presbyopia - near visual acuity - cccommodative intraocular lenses - cataract - reading acuity
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Prof. Dr. Thomas Kohnen, FEBO
Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main
Theodor Stern Kai 7
60590 Frankfurt am Main
Phone: ++ 49/69/6 30 18 39 45
Fax: ++ 49/69/63 01 38 93
Email: kohnen@med.uni-frankfurt.de