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Rofo 2012; 184(3): 220-228
DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1281976
Neuroradiologie
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York

Diagnostik neurovaskulärer Kompressionssyndrome

Diagnosing Neurovascular Compression Syndromes
S. Langner
2   Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
,
H. W. Schroeder
1   Klinik und Poliklinik für Neurochirurgie der Ernst- Moritz-Arndt-Universität, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
,
N. Hosten
2   Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
,
M. Kirsch
2   Institut für Diagnostische Radiologie und Neuroradiologie, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

26 August 2011

07 November 2011

Publication Date:
16 December 2011 (online)

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Neurovaskuläre Kompressionssyndrome sind Krankheitsbilder, welche durch die Affektion eines Hirnnerven im Bereich seiner „root exit/entry zone“ durch eine Gefäßschlinge bedingt sind und paroxysmale motorische oder sensorische Sensationen im betroffenen Nerven auslösen können.

Material und Methode: Übersichtsarbeit auf der Basis einer selektiven Literaturaufarbeitung.

Ergebnisse: Diese Krankheitsbilder sind etabliert für die Trigeminusneuralgie, den Hemispasmus facialis, die Vestibularisparoxysmie sowie die Glossopharyngeusneuralgie. Hirnnervenausfälle durch die Kompression durch ein Aneurysma, z. B. N. oculomotorius-Parese bei einem Aneurysma des Ramus communicans posterior, zählen jedoch ebenso zu den neurovaskulären Kompressionssyndromen. Verschiedene neurovaskuläre Kompressionssyndrome werden vorgestellt, die zur Verfügung stehenden diagnostischen Verfahren sowie die bildmorphologischen Korrelate der einzelnen Krankheitsbilder und posttherapeutische Veränderungen beschrieben.

Schlussfolgerung: Neurovaskuläre Kompressionssyndrome sind Krankheitsbilder, bei deren Diagnostik die MR-Bildgebung eine entscheidende Rolle spielt.

Abstract

Purpose: Neurovascular compression syndromes are diseases caused by abnormal contact between a vessel loop and the root exit/entry zone of a cranial nerve. Compression can cause paroxysmal attacks of abnormal motor or sensory phenomena in the affected nerve.

Materials and Methods: Review based on a selective analysis of the literature.

Results: Neurovascular compression syndromes include well-established entities such as trigeminal neuralgia, facial hemispasm, vestibular paroxysmia and glossopharyngeus neuralgia but also cranial nerve disorders caused by compression due to an aneurysm, e. g., oculomotor nerve paresis caused by an aneurysm of the posterior communicating branch. An overview of neurovascular compression syndromes is given, outlining diagnostic procedures and the morphological imaging features of each syndrome as well as the changes seen after treatment are described.

Conclusion: Neurovascular compression syndromes are complex diseases. MR imaging plays an important role in the diagnostic workup of these diseases.

Key words

brain - blood vessels - CNS - CT - MR imaging
 

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