Akut-symptomatische epileptische Anfälle: Inzidenz, Prognose und Aspekte der antiepileptischen Behandlung

Zusammenfassung

Akut-symptomatische Anfälle sind epileptische Anfälle, die in engem zeitlichen Zusammenhang mit einer akuten ZNS-Schädigung auftreten. Zahlen zur Inzidenz akut-symptomatischer Anfälle liegen für die verschiedenen Arten von ZNS-Schädigungen wie zerebrale Ischämie, intrazerebrale Blutung usw. vor. Nach einer neueren Studie haben beispielsweise 6,3% der Patienten nach einem Schlaganfall akut-symptomatische Anfälle, für zerebrale Venen- und Sinusthrombosen werden Zahlen von über 30% genannt. Auch Risikofaktoren sind mittlerweile gut charakterisiert, z. B. hämorrhagische Infarkte oder kortikale Beteiligung. Allerdings ist die Frage, ob eine medikamentöse antiepileptische Behandlung nach akut symptomatischen Anfällen sinnvoll ist und wenn ja, mit welchem Medikament oder mit welchen Medikamenten und für welche Zeit, noch nicht geklärt. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die vorhandenen Daten.

Abstract

Acute symptomatic seizures are seizures that occur in close temporal association with an acute CNS injury. Figures on the incidence of acute symptomatic seizures are available for the different types of CNS injuries such as cerebral ischaemia, intracerebral haemorrhage, etc., For instance, 6.3% of patients experience an acute symptomatic seizure after stroke, more than 30% after cerebral venous thrombosis. Risk factors are now well characterised, e. g., haemorrhagic stroke or cortical involvement. However, the question of whether an antiepileptic drug treatment is useful for acute symptomatic seizures and if so, with what drug or drugs and for what time, is still open. The present paper gives an overview of the available data.

Schlüsselwörter

Epilepsie - akut-symptomatische Anfälle - Behandlung - Schlaganfall - Intrazerebrale Blutung

Keywords

epilepsy - acute symptomatic seizures - treatment - stroke - intracerebral haemorrhage

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