Schlafstörungen und Suizidalität: Zusammenhänge und klinische Bedeutung

Zusammenfassung

Neben einer Reihe von Risikofaktoren für die Entwicklung von Suizidalität verweisen klinische und epidemiologische Studien zunehmend auf eine Verbindung zwischen Schlafmangel und Schlafstörungen mit Suizidalität. Diese auf einer systematischen Literaturrecherche beruhende Arbeit gibt eine Übersicht über Studienergebnisse zu Zusammenhängen von Suizidalität (d. h. Suizidgedanken, Suizidversuchen und Suiziden) mit Schlafstörungen, insbesondere Insomnie und Albträumen, aber auch Hypersomnie und nächtlichen Panikattacken. Bei suizidalen Patienten mit Insomnie und komorbiden psychischen Störungen bestehen zudem Hinweise auf eine unabhängige prädiktive Bedeutung von Schlafstörungen für Suizidalität. Gemeinsame pathogenetische Aspekte der beiden Krankheitsentitäten und therapeutische Optionen werden erörtert. In Klinik und Praxis ist die Erfassung und Therapie von Schlafstörungen von besonderer Bedeutung für die Suizidprävention.

Abstract

Besides several risk factors for suicide, there is a recent increase in clinical and epidemiological studies pointing to a potential relationship between sleep loss or sleep disturbances and suicidality. This work, based on a systematic literature research, gives an overview on the findings of relationships between suicidality (i. e., suicidal thoughts, suicide attempts, suicides) and sleep disturbances, especially insomnia, nightmares, but also hypersomnia and nocturnal panic attacks. There is evidence that sleep disturbances in suicidal insomniacs with comorbid psychiatric disorder are independently predictive for suicidality, too. Shared aspects of pathogenesis of the two entities and therapeutic options are also discussed. Recognition of sleep disturbances is essential for suicide prevention in clinical practice.

Schlüsselwörter

Suizidalität - Schlafstörungen - Insomnie - Albträume - Depression - Suizidprävention

Key words

suicidality - sleep disturbances - insomnia - nightmares - depression - suicide prevention

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