An Update on Surgical and Medical Management Strategies for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Natalie Kreitzer; Opeolu Adeoye

doi:10.1055/s-0033-1364210

Seminars in Neurology, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Semin Neurol 2013; 33(05): 462-467
DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1364210

Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

An Update on Surgical and Medical Management Strategies for Intracerebral Hemorrhage

Natalie Kreitzer

¹University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio

²Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

,

Opeolu Adeoye

¹University of Cincinnati Neuroscience Institute, Cincinnati, Ohio

²Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

³Department of Neurosurgery, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) accounts for ∼ 10 to 15% of all strokes and is one of the major causes of stroke-related death and disability. After the initial hemorrhage, further bleeding and edema contribute to secondary damage and worsened outcomes. As such, goals of previous and ongoing trials are to prevent continued bleeding, as well as mitigate the impact of cerebral edema. Although no trials have shown a definite functional outcome benefit with a given intervention, much progress has been made recently. This review focuses on recent developments that inform the acute management of ICH.

Keywords

intracerebral hemorrhage - surgical management - medical management

Volltext

Referenzen

References
1 Morgenstern LB, Hemphill III JC, Anderson C , et al; American Heart Association Stroke Council and Council on Cardiovascular Nursing. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: a guideline for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke 2010; 41 (9) 2108-2129
2 Roger VL, Go AS, Lloyd-Jones DM , et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics–2012 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2012; 125 (1) e2-e220
3 Toyoda K, Steiner T, Epple C , et al. Comparison of the European and Japanese guidelines for the acute management of intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2013; 35 (5) 419-429
4 Brott T, Broderick J, Kothari R , et al. Early hemorrhage growth in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 1997; 28 (1) 1-5
5 Broderick JP, Diringer MN, Hill MD , et al; Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Determinants of intracerebral hemorrhage growth: an exploratory analysis. Stroke 2007; 38 (3) 1072-1075
6 Davis SM, Broderick J, Hennerici M , et al; Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Hematoma growth is a determinant of mortality and poor outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2006; 66 (8) 1175-1181
7 Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K , et al; Recombinant Activated Factor VII Intracerebral Hemorrhage Trial Investigators. Recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2005; 352 (8) 777-785
8 Mayer SA, Brun NC, Begtrup K , et al; FAST Trial Investigators. Efficacy and safety of recombinant activated factor VII for acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2008; 358 (20) 2127-2137
9 Hemphill III JC, Farrant M, Neill Jr TA. Prospective validation of the ICH Score for 12-month functional outcome. Neurology 2009; 73 (14) 1088-1094
10 Hemphill III JC, Bonovich DC, Besmertis L, Manley GT, Johnston SC. The ICH score: a simple, reliable grading scale for intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2001; 32 (4) 891-897
11 Morgan T, Awad I, Keyl P, Lane K, Hanley D. Preliminary report of the clot lysis evaluating accelerated resolution of intraventricular hemorrhage (CLEAR-IVH) clinical trial. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2008; 105: 217-220
12 Naff NJ, Carhuapoma JR, Williams MA , et al. Treatment of intraventricular hemorrhage with urokinase: effects on 30-day survival. Stroke 2000; 31 (4) 841-847
13 Rost NS, Smith EE, Chang Y , et al. Prediction of functional outcome in patients with primary intracerebral hemorrhage: the FUNC score. Stroke 2008; 39 (8) 2304-2309
14 Becker KJ, Baxter AB, Cohen WA , et al. Withdrawal of support in intracerebral hemorrhage may lead to self-fulfilling prophecies. Neurology 2001; 56 (6) 766-772
15 Hanley DF, Awad IA, Vespa PM, Martin NA, Zuccarello M. Hemorrhagic stroke: introduction. Stroke 2013; 44 (6) (Suppl. 01) S65-S66
16 Goldstein JN, Fazen LE, Snider R , et al. Contrast extravasation on CT angiography predicts hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2007; 68 (12) 889-894
17 Wada R, Aviv RI, Fox AJ , et al. CT angiography “spot sign” predicts hematoma expansion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2007; 38 (4) 1257-1262
18 Demchuk AM, Dowlatshahi D, Rodriguez-Luna D , et al; PREDICT/Sunnybrook ICH CTA study group. Prediction of haematoma growth and outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage using the CT-angiography spot sign (PREDICT): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11 (4) 307-314
19 Steiner T, Kaste M, Forsting M , et al; The European Stroke Initiative Writing Committee and the Writing Committee for the EUSI Executive Committee. Recommendations for the management of intracranial haemorrhage - part I: spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2006; 22 (4) 294-316
20 Broderick JP, Adams Jr HP, Barsan W , et al. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: astatement for healthcare professionals from a special writing group of the Stroke Council, American Heart Association. Stroke 1999; 30 (4) 905-915
21 Broderick J, Connolly S, Feldmann E , et al; American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council; American Heart Association/American Stroke Association High Blood Pressure Research Council; Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage in adults: 2007 update: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, High Blood Pressure Research Council, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007; 116 (16) e391-e413
22 Anderson CS, Huang Y, Wang JG , et al; INTERACT Investigators. Intensive blood pressure reduction in acute cerebral haemorrhage trial (INTERACT): a randomised pilot trial. Lancet Neurol 2008; 7 (5) 391-399
23 Diringer MN, Skolnick BE, Mayer SA , et al. Thromboembolic events with recombinant activated factor VII in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from the Factor Seven for Acute Hemorrhagic Stroke (FAST) trial. Stroke 2010; 41 (1) 48-53
24 Mayer SA, Davis SM, Skolnick BE , et al; FAST trial investigators. Can a subset of intracerebral hemorrhage patients benefit from hemostatic therapy with recombinant activated factor VII?. Stroke 2009; 40 (3) 833-840
25 The Spot Sign for Predicting & Treating ICH Growth (STOP-IT); The Spot Sign Selection of Intracerebral Hemorrhage to Guide Hemostatic Therapy (SPOTLIGHT). 2013. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Accessed September 30, 2013
26 Flaherty ML, Kissela B, Woo D , et al. The increasing incidence of anticoagulant-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurology 2007; 68 (2) 116-121
27 Holbrook A, Schulman S, Witt DM , et al. Evidence-based management of anticoagulant therapy: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines. Chest 2012; 141 (2 Suppl): e152S-184S
28 Goldstein JN, Thomas SH, Frontiero V , et al. Timing of fresh frozen plasma administration and rapid correction of coagulopathy in warfarin-related intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2006; 37 (1) 151-155
29 Sarode R, Milling Jr TJ, Refaai MA , et al. Efficacy and safety of a 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate in patients on vitamin K antagonists presenting with major bleeding: a randomized, plasma-controlled, phase IIIb study. Circulation 2013; 128 (11) 1234-1243
30 Granger CB, Alexander JH, McMurray JJ , et al; ARISTOTLE Committees and Investigators. Apixaban versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (11) 981-992
31 Connolly SJ, Ezekowitz MD, Yusuf S , et al; RE-LY Steering Committee and Investigators. Dabigatran versus warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2009; 361 (12) 1139-1151
32 Büller HR, Prins MH, Lensin AW , et al; EINSTEIN–PE Investigators. Oral rivaroxaban for the treatment of symptomatic pulmonary embolism. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (14) 1287-1297
33 Patel MR, Mahaffey KW, Garg J , et al; ROCKET AF Investigators. Rivaroxaban versus warfarin in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med 2011; 365 (10) 883-891
34 Wang WZ, Jiang B, Liu HM , et al. Minimally invasive craniopuncture therapy vs. conservative treatment for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage: results from a randomized clinical trial in China. Int J Stroke 2009; 4 (1) 11-16
35 Anderson CS, Heeley E, Huang Y , et al; INTERACT2 Investigators. Rapid blood-pressure lowering in patients with acute intracerebral hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (25) 2355-2365
36 Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Rowan EN, Murray GD, Gholkar A, Mitchell PM ; STICH II Investigators. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial lobar intracerebral haematomas (STICH II): a randomised trial. Lancet 2013; 382 (9890) 397-408
37 Qureshi AI, Palesch YY. Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH) II: design, methods, and rationale. Neurocrit Care 2011; 15 (3) 559-576
38 Ziai WC, Tuhrim S, Lane K , et al; CLEAR III Investigators. A multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase III study of Clot Lysis Evaluation of Accelerated Resolution of Intraventricular Hemorrhage (CLEAR III). Int J Stroke 2013;
39 Hanley DF , et al. Minimally Invasive Surgery Plus Rt-PA for ICH Evacuation Phase III (MISTIE III). 2013. http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Accessed September 30, 2013