Abstract
Delirium is a condition that frequently complicates hospitalization and consists of
an acute decline in orientation and attention, often accompanied by other cognitive
changes. Delirium is tied to multiple detrimental outcomes both in the short and long
term, including cognitive and functional decline, inpatient complications, and mortality.
Postoperative, elderly medical, and critical care patients have been identified as
populations at particular risk. In this review, the authors discuss current theories
on pathophysiology, recommended workup, and evidence-based prevention and management
of inpatient delirium. In general, instituting a system of active screening of at-risk
populations and nonpharmacologic interventions for prevention and treatment seems
to be the most effective method of addressing delirium. More research is needed to
clarify the etiology of delirium and develop safe therapeutic options that address
the underlying pathophysiology.
Keywords
delirium - attention - inpatient - elderly
