Diabetologie und Stoffwechsel 2016; 11 - P172
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1580919

Effects of a temporal segmentation of meal composition on lipid and glucose metabolism in men

K Kessler 1, 2, S Hornemann 1, KJ Petzke 3, M Kemper 1, 2, N Rudovich 1, 2, A Kramer 4, AFH Pfeiffer 1, 2, O Pivovarova 1, 2
  • 1Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Abteilung für Klinische Ernährung, Nuthetal, Germany
  • 2Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Abteilung für Endokrinologie, Diabetes und Ernährungsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
  • 3Deutsches Institut für Ernährungsforschung, Abteilung für Energiestoffwechsel, Nuthetal, Germany
  • 4Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Laboratory of Chronobiology, Berlin, Germany

Background: In mice, strong metabolic consequences of a temporal segmentation of carbohydrate and fat consumption have been demonstrated with tremendous effects on blood glucose levels, beta-oxidation and body weight – features deteriorated in diabetics. Whether the same effects are seen in humans is not clear yet. We therefore aimed to investigate the effect of two different patterns of meal composition on substrate oxidation, lipid and glucose metabolism in men.

Materials: In a cross-over study, 29 men (age 45.7 ± 2.5 years, BMI 27.1 ± 0.8 kg/m2) consumed isocaloric carbohydrate-rich meals in the morning and fat-rich meals in the evening (HC/HF) or inverse sequence of meals (HF/HC) for four weeks each. After each intervention, two standardized meal tests, a carbohydrate-rich and a fat-rich, were performed at 09.00 am and at 03.40 pm, respectively, of which the chronological order was determined by the diets.

Results: No differences in fasting parameters of lipid and glucose metabolism and inflammation were found after the HC/HF and HF/HC diet. Glucose and GLP-1 levels during the day were higher and leptin was lower after HF/HC diet. Daily carbohydrate oxidation decreased, and lipid oxidation increased after HF/HC diet compared with HC/HF diet. Patterns of blood lipids, substrate oxidation and meal-induced hormone secretion were determined by meal composition and time of day with manifest evening glucose intolerance.

Conclusion: Isocaloric temporal segmentation of carbohydrate and fat consumption moderately reprograms metabolism. This effect is, however, less pronounced in men than previously shown in mice.