RSS-Feed abonnieren
Bitte kopieren Sie die angezeigte URL und fügen sie dann in Ihren RSS-Reader ein.
https://www.thieme-connect.de/rss/thieme/de/10.1055-s-00000084.xml
Synthesis 2017; 49(03): 657-666
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588075
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588075
paper
A Modular Synthesis of 2-Alkyl- and 2-Arylchromans via a Three-Step Sequence
Weitere Informationen
Publikationsverlauf
Received: 12. Juli 2016
Accepted after revision: 02. September 2016
Publikationsdatum:
14. Oktober 2016 (online)
Abstract
A convergent three-step method for the synthesis of 2-substituted chromans is described. These results have been accomplished via the Heck coupling of readily accessible allylic alcohols and 2-iodophenols, followed by reduction and Mitsunobu cyclization. The utility and generality of this method is demonstrated through the synthesis of a series of 2-aryl-, 2-heteroaryl- and 2-alkylchromans, as well as an azachroman derivative. The asymmetric version of this approach via a Noyori-catalyzed ketone reduction and subsequent cyclization is likewise highlighted.
Key words
asymmetric synthesis - chromans - catalysis - Heck reaction - Mitsunobu reaction - heterocyclesSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588075.
- Supporting Information
-
References
- 1 For a recent review of chromans, including biology and asymmetric syntheses, see: Shen HC. Tetrahedron 2009; 65: 3931
- 2 Gaoni Y, Mechoulam R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964; 86: 1646
- 3 Broeders MA. W, Doevendans PA, Bekkers BC. A. M, Bronsaer R, van Gorsel E, Heemskerk JW. M, oude Egbrink MG. A, van Breda E, Reneman RS, van der Zee R. Circulation 2000; 102: 677
- 4a Nolan JJ, Ludvik B, Beerdsen P, Joyce M, Olefsky J. New Engl. J. Med. 1994; 331: 1188
- 4b Gale EA. M. Lancet 2001; 357: 1870
- 5 For a recent review on the reactions of ortho-quinone methides, see: Bai W.-J, David JG, Feng Z.-G, Weaver MG, Wu K.-L, Pettus TR. R. Acc. Chem. Res. 2014; 47: 3655
- 6a Hodgetts KJ. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000; 41: 8655
- 6b Barluenga J, Trincado M, Rubio E, Gonzalez JM. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004; 126: 3416
- 6c Grese TA, Pennington LD. Tetrahedron Lett. 1995; 36: 8913
- 6d Graham TJ. A, Doyle AG. Org. Lett. 2012; 14: 1616
- 6e Doodeman R, Rutjes FP. J. T, Hiemstra H. Tetrahedron Lett. 2000; 41: 5979
- 6f Lykakis IN, Efe C, Gryparis C, Stratakis M. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2011; 2334
- 6g Menon RS, Findlay AD, Bissember AC, Banwell MG. J. Org. Chem. 2009; 74: 8901
- 7 King AO, Corley EG, Anderson RK, Larsen RD, Verhoeven TR, Reider PJ, Xiang YB, Belley M, Leblanc Y, Labelle M, Prasit P, Zamboni RJ. J. Org. Chem. 1993; 58: 3731
- 8a Briot A, Baehr C, Brouillard R, Wagner A, Mioskowski C. J. Org. Chem. 2004; 69: 1374
- 8b Alacid E, Nájera C. Adv. Synth. Catal. 2007; 349: 2572
- 8c Garcías X, Ballester P, Saá JM. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991; 32: 7739
- 9a Suchand B, Krishna J, Venkat Ramulu B, Dibyendu D, Gopi Krishna Reddy A, Mahendar L, Satyanarayana G. Tetrahedron Lett. 2012; 53: 3861
- 9b Ramulu BV, Mahendar L, Krishna J, Reddy AG. K, Suchand B, Satyanarayana G. Tetrahedron 2013; 69: 8305
- 10 Based on MS analysis of the crude reaction mixture.
- 11 Initially, we hypothesized that the use of 2-bromophenol would improve the yield and scope; after screening, we found only a modest increase in yield (78%) with t-Bu3P and Cy2NMe in toluene. In addition, the scope of the Heck reaction with 2-bromophenol was quite limited due to a facile, competitive rearrangement of the allylic alcohol starting material to the corresponding ketone.
- 12 Littke AF, Fu GC. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001; 123: 6989
- 13 Assay yield refers to quantitative HPLC analysis using a product standard.
- 14 Martin R, Buchwald SL. Acc. Chem. Res. 2008; 41: 1461
- 15 <7% and 5% of allylic alcohol 8 and ketone 9 were observed.
- 16 The use of stronger acids, such as HCl, led to cyclization of the crude diol product 10 to the chroman 11. This observation was further investigated in an effort to develop a one-pot reductive cyclization sequence. For instance, use of Et3SiH (10 equiv) and catalytic TFA afforded the desired 2-phenylchroman product in diminished yields along with a variety of uncharacterized byproducts. See: Mazimba M, Masesane IB, Majinda RR. Tetrahedron Lett. 2011; 52: 6716
- 17a Bachki A, Foubelo F, Yus M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1998; 39: 7759
- 17b In the case of triphenylphosphine and polymer-bound triphenylphosphine, we observed the formation of byproducts which were attributed to the reaction of DIAD with activated 10, based on LCMS analysis.
- 18 In comparison, the literature conditions afforded the product 7b in 63% yield. No further attempts were made to improve the ratio.
- 19 For more information, see ref. 6c (Boronic acid and Grignard addition to chromene acetals).
- 20 The R3P reagent was optimized for each substrate.
- 21 Standard conditions for alkylchromans include the two-step reduction of chromanones, see: Fridén-Saxin M, Seifert T, Landergren MR, Suuronen T, Lahtela-Kakkonen M, Jarho EM, Luthman K. J. Med. Chem. 2012; 55: 7104
- 22 P2-Et = Tetramethyl(tris(dimethylamino)phosphoranylidene) phosphorictriamid-Et-imin (Aldrich). On the contrary, utilization of P2-Et for Heck coupling with allylic alcohol 5 and 2-iodophenol (6) afforded a diminished yield of ketone 7. For more on the use of P2-Et, see: Buitrago Santanilla A, Christensen M, Campeau L.-C, Davies IW, Dreher SD. Org. Lett. 2015; 17: 3370
- 23 Tisdale M, Selway JW. T. J. Gen. Virol. 1983; 64: 795
- 24 Pan W.-B, Chang F.-R, Wei L.-M, Wu Y.-C. J. Nat. Prod. 2003; 66: 161
- 25 See ref. 16. No attempts were made to investigate alternative conditions for the workup.
- 26a Noyori R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013; 52: 79
- 26b Kitamura M, Nakatsuka H. Chem. Commun. 2011; 47: 842
- 26c Noyori R, Ohkuma T. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001; 40: 40
- 27 For one literature report on asymmetric reduction and cyclization to form a six-membered ring via the Mitsunobu reaction with a chiral benzylic alcohol, see: Palmer AM, Webel M, Scheufler C, Haag D, Muller B. Org. Process Res. Dev. 2008; 12: 1170
- 28 Absolute stereochemistry based on the model by Noyori and co-workers; see ref. 26 for more details.
- 29 Batsomboon P, Phakhodee W, Ruchirawat S, Ploypradith P. J. Org. Chem. 2009; 74: 4009
While troglitazone was demonstrated to be efficacious and approved by the FDA for use in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, it was ultimately withdrawn due to drug-induced liver injury; see:
Racemic chroman syntheses include the following examples. For Mitsunobu and intramolecular alkylation, see:
For intramolecular cyclization with hypervalent iodonium reagents, see:
For additions to chromene acetals and reduction via Grignard addition, see:
For synthesis via boronic acid addition, see:
For synthesis via silane and stannane addition, see:
For gold-catalyzed reactions, see:
For reactions of allylic alcohols with bromoiodophenyl compounds under Jeffery–Heck conditions, see:
For a review on the Noyori asymmetric reduction of ketones, see: