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DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1588524
Intermolecular [2+2] Photocycloaddition of β-Nitrostyrenes to Olefins upon Irradiation with Visible Light
Financial support by the European Research Council under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No 665951 – ELICOS) is gratefully acknowledged.Publication History
Received: 19 June 2017
Accepted after revision: 30 June 2017
Publication Date:
31 August 2017 (online)
Dedicated to Victor Snieckus, a dear colleague and friend, on the occasion of his 80th birthday
Abstract
The title compounds were found to undergo a [2+2] photocycloaddition with olefins at λ = 419 nm in CH2Cl2 as the solvent. The resulting cyclobutanes were isolated in yields of 32–87% (11 examples) and showed a defined relative configuration at C1/C4 in the major diastereoisomer (nitro and aryl trans). The analysis of side products and triplet sensitization experiments support a mechanistic scenario in which a 1,4-diradical is formed as a key intermediate.
Key words
cycloaddition - cyclobutanes - diastereoselectivity - nitro compounds - photochemistry - stereoselective synthesis - umpolung - visible lightSupporting Information
- Supporting information for this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0036-1588524.
- Supporting Information
Primary Data
- Primary Data
Primary data for this article are available online at https://zenodo.org/record/4610511 and can be cited using the following DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.4610511. Please note that the DOI for the Primary Data associated with this article was updated on April 20, 2021.
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Representative Procedure 29.8 mg of nitrostyrene 1 (199 μmol, 1.00 equiv) and 10.0 equiv of olefin 2e (168 mg, 2.00 mmol) were dissolved in degassed, dry CH2Cl2 (c = 20 mM). The reaction solution was irradiated at λ = 419 nm in a Duran tube at r.t., and the reaction progress was monitored by TLC. When no further conversion was observed by TLC (t = 12 h), the reaction was stopped and all volatiles were removed. Purification by column chromatography (pentane/Et2O = 20:1) gave product 3e as a yellow oil (27.5 mg, 118 μmol, 59%). When performed on a mmol scale (150 mg 1), product 3e was obtained in 56% yield (132 mg). 1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl3, 300 K): δ = 0.71 (s, 3 H, CH3-2), 1.15 (s, 3 H, CH3-3), 1.19 (s, 3 H, CH3-2), 1.24 (s, 3 H, CH3-3), 3.97 (d, 3
J = 10.1 Hz, 1 H, H-1), 4.91 (d,
3
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Reviews on the photochemistry of nitro compounds:
For further references to the photochemistry of nitroolefins, see:
For the emission spectra of the lamps, see for λ = 300 nm, 366 nm:
λ = 350 nm:
λ = 419 nm:
λ = 457 nm, 470 nm:
For thermal [2+2] cycloaddition reactions of trans-β-nitrostyrene (1) and olefins, see: