RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1592170
Decompressive Craniectomy in Neurocritical Care
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
01. Dezember 2016 (online)
![](https://www.thieme-connect.de/media/sin/201606/lookinside/thumbnails/10-1055-s-0036-1592170_160063-1.jpg)
Abstract
Neurosurgeons increasingly use decompressive craniectomy (DC) in neurocritical care. In this review, the authors summarize the topic of DC for the neurointensivist. Following a brief overview of the procedure, the major indications for the procedure are described. This includes a review of the literature regarding well-established indications, such as infarction and traumatic brain injury, as well as lesser known indications, including intracerebral hemorrhage, ruptured cerebrovascular malformations, sinus thrombosis, and infection. Complications unique to DC, specifically syndrome of the trephined, hygroma, and hydrocephalus, also are reviewed with a discussion of their management, both in the immediate and the postoperative period.
-
References
- 1 Garrow AE. The surgical relief of increased intracranial pressure. Can Med Assoc J 1918; 8 (10) 882-890
- 2 Walcott BP, Kuklina EV, Nahed BV , et al. Craniectomy for malignant cerebral infarction: prevalence and outcomes in US hospitals. PLoS ONE 2011; 6 (12) e29193
- 3 Wagner S, Schnippering H, Aschoff A, Koziol JA, Schwab S, Steiner T. Suboptimum hemicraniectomy as a cause of additional cerebral lesions in patients with malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery. J Neurosurg 2001; 94 (5) 693-696
- 4 Güresir E, Vatter H, Schuss P , et al. Rapid closure technique in decompressive craniectomy. J Neurosurg 2011; 114 (4) 954-960
- 5 Kurland DB, Khaladj-Ghom A, Stokum JA , et al. Complications associated with decompressive craniectomy: a systematic review. Neurocrit Care 2015; 23 (2) 292-304
- 6 Kenning TJ, Gooch MR, Gandhi RH, Shaikh MP, Boulos AS, German JW. Cranial decompression for the treatment of malignant intracranial hypertension after ischemic cerebral infarction: decompressive craniectomy and hinge craniotomy. J Neurosurg 2012; 116 (6) 1289-1298
- 7 Khanna R, Ferrara L. Dynamic telescopic craniotomy: a cadaveric study of a novel device and technique. J Neurosurg 2015; 11: 1-9
- 8 Simard JM, Kent TA, Chen M, Tarasov KV, Gerzanich V. Brain oedema in focal ischaemia: molecular pathophysiology and theoretical implications. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6 (3) 258-268
- 9 Berrouschot J, Sterker M, Bettin S, Köster J, Schneider D. Mortality of space-occupying (‘malignant’) middle cerebral artery infarction under conservative intensive care. Intensive Care Med 1998; 24 (6) 620-623
- 10 Doerfler A, Engelhorn T, Heiland S, Benner T, Forsting M. Perfusion- and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring decompressive craniectomy in animals with experimental hemispheric stroke. J Neurosurg 2002; 96 (5) 933-940
- 11 Vahedi K, Vicaut E, Mateo J , et al; DECIMAL Investigators. Sequential-design, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial of early decompressive craniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (DECIMAL Trial). Stroke 2007; 38 (9) 2506-2517
- 12 Jüttler E, Schwab S, Schmiedek P , et al; DESTINY Study Group. Decompressive Surgery for the Treatment of Malignant Infarction of the Middle Cerebral Artery (DESTINY): a randomized, controlled trial. Stroke 2007; 38 (9) 2518-2525
- 13 Hofmeijer J, Kappelle LJ, Algra A, Amelink GJ, van Gijn J, van der Worp HB ; HAMLET investigators. Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction (the Hemicraniectomy After Middle Cerebral Artery infarction with Life-threatening Edema Trial [HAMLET]): a multicentre, open, randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2009; 8 (4) 326-333
- 14 Geurts M, van der Worp HB, Kappelle LJ, Amelink GJ, Algra A, Hofmeijer J ; HAMLET Steering Committee. Surgical decompression for space-occupying cerebral infarction: outcomes at 3 years in the randomized HAMLET trial. Stroke 2013; 44 (9) 2506-2508
- 15 Vahedi K, Hofmeijer J, Juettler E , et al; DECIMAL, DESTINY, and HAMLET investigators. Early decompressive surgery in malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: a pooled analysis of three randomised controlled trials. Lancet Neurol 2007; 6 (3) 215-222
- 16 Lu X, Huang B, Zheng J , et al. Decompressive craniectomy for the treatment of malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery. Sci Rep 2014; 4: 7070
- 17 Slotty PJ, Kamp MA, Beez T , et al. The influence of decompressive craniectomy for major stroke on early cerebral perfusion. J Neurosurg 2015; 123 (1) 59-64
- 18 Amorim RL, de Andrade AF, Gattás GS , et al. Improved hemodynamic parameters in middle cerebral artery infarction after decompressive craniectomy. Stroke 2014; 45 (5) 1375-1380
- 19 Mori K, Nakao Y, Yamamoto T, Maeda M. Early external decompressive craniectomy with duroplasty improves functional recovery in patients with massive hemispheric embolic infarction: timing and indication of decompressive surgery for malignant cerebral infarction. Surg Neurol 2004; 62 (5) 420-429 , discussion 429–430
- 20 Schwab S, Steiner T, Aschoff A , et al. Early hemicraniectomy in patients with complete middle cerebral artery infarction. Stroke 1998; 29 (9) 1888-1893
- 21 Jüttler E, Unterberg A, Woitzik J , et al; DESTINY II Investigators. Hemicraniectomy in older patients with extensive middle-cerebral-artery stroke. N Engl J Med 2014; 370 (12) 1091-1100
- 22 Zhao J, Su YY, Zhang Y , et al. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in malignant middle cerebral artery infarct: a randomized controlled trial enrolling patients up to 80 years old. Neurocrit Care 2012; 17 (2) 161-171
- 23 Shah S, Murthy SB, Whitehead WE, Jea A, Nassif LM. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in pediatric patients with malignant middle cerebral artery infarction: case series and review of the literature. World Neurosurg 2013; 80 (1–2) 126-133
- 24 Ramaswamy V, Mehta V, Bauman M, Richer L, Massicotte P, Yager JY. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in children with severe ischemic stroke and life-threatening cerebral edema. J Child Neurol 2008; 23 (8) 889-894
- 25 Fink JN, Frampton CM, Lyden P, Lees KR ; Virtual International Stroke Trials Archive Investigators. Does hemispheric lateralization influence functional and cardiovascular outcomes after stroke?: an analysis of placebo-treated patients from prospective acute stroke trials. Stroke 2008; 39 (12) 3335-3340
- 26 Johansson BB, Jadbäck G, Norrving B, Widner H, Wiklund I. Evaluation of long-term functional status in first-ever stroke patients in a defined population. Scand J Rehabil Med Suppl 1992; 26: 105-114
- 27 Laufer Y, Sivan D, Schwarzmann R, Sprecher E. Standing balance and functional recovery of patients with right and left hemiparesis in the early stages of rehabilitation. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2003; 17 (4) 207-213
- 28 Sundseth J, Sundseth A, Thommessen B , et al. Long-term outcome and quality of life after craniectomy in speech-dominant swollen middle cerebral artery infarction. Neurocrit Care 2015; 22 (1) 6-14
- 29 Daou B, Kent AP, Montano M , et al. Decompressive hemicraniectomy: predictors of functional outcome in patients with ischemic stroke. J Neurosurg 2016; 124 (6) 1773-1779
- 30 Neugebauer H, Creutzfeldt CJ, Hemphill III JC, Heuschmann PU, Jüttler E. DESTINY-S: attitudes of physicians toward disability and treatment in malignant MCA infarction. Neurocrit Care 2014; 21 (1) 27-34
- 31 Hankey GJ, Spiesser J, Hakimi Z, Bego G, Carita P, Gabriel S. Rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from disability following ischemic stroke. Neurology 2007; 68 (19) 1583-1587
- 32 Honeybul S, Ho KM, Blacker DW. ORACLE Stroke Study: Opinion Regarding Acceptable Outcome Following Decompressive Hemicraniectomy for Ischemic Stroke. Neurosurgery 2016; 79 (2) 231-236
- 33 Rahme R, Zuccarello M, Kleindorfer D, Adeoye OM, Ringer AJ. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery territory infarction: is life worth living?. J Neurosurg 2012; 117 (4) 749-754
- 34 Honeybul S, Ho KM, Gillett G. Outcome following decompressive hemicraniectomy for malignant cerebral infarction: ethical considerations. Stroke 2015; 46 (9) 2695-2698
- 35 Andriessen TM, Jacobs B, Vos PE. Clinical characteristics and pathophysiological mechanisms of focal and diffuse traumatic brain injury. J Cell Mol Med 2010; 14 (10) 2381-2392
- 36 Bor-Seng-Shu E, Figueiredo EG, Amorim RL , et al. Decompressive craniectomy: a meta-analysis of influences on intracranial pressure and cerebral perfusion pressure in the treatment of traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 2012; 117 (3) 589-596
- 37 Weiner GM, Lacey MR, Mackenzie L , et al. Decompressive craniectomy for elevated intracranial pressure and its effect on the cumulative ischemic burden and therapeutic intensity levels after severe traumatic brain injury. Neurosurgery 2010; 66 (6) 1111-1118 , discussion 1118–1119
- 38 Stiefel MF, Heuer GG, Smith MJ , et al. Cerebral oxygenation following decompressive hemicraniectomy for the treatment of refractory intracranial hypertension. J Neurosurg 2004; 101 (2) 241-247
- 39 Daboussi A, Minville V, Leclerc-Foucras S , et al. Cerebral hemodynamic changes in severe head injury patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2009; 21 (4) 339-345
- 40 Soustiel JF, Sviri GE, Mahamid E, Shik V, Abeshaus S, Zaaroor M. Cerebral blood flow and metabolism following decompressive craniectomy for control of increased intracranial pressure. Neurosurgery 2010; 67 (1) 65-72 , discussion 72
- 41 Aarabi B, Hesdorffer DC, Ahn ES, Aresco C, Scalea TM, Eisenberg HM. Outcome following decompressive craniectomy for malignant swelling due to severe head injury. J Neurosurg 2006; 104 (4) 469-479
- 42 Williams RF, Magnotti LJ, Croce MA , et al. Impact of decompressive craniectomy on functional outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Trauma 2009; 66 (6) 1570-1574 , discussion 1574–1576
- 43 Al-Jishi A, Saluja RS, Al-Jehani H, Lamoureux J, Maleki M, Marcoux J. Primary or secondary decompressive craniectomy: different indication and outcome. Can J Neurol Sci 2011; 38 (4) 612-620
- 44 Honeybul S, Ho KM, Lind CR, Gillett GR. Observed versus predicted outcome for decompressive craniectomy: a population-based study. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27 (7) 1225-1232
- 45 Cooper DJ, Rosenfeld JV, Murray L , et al; DECRA Trial Investigators; Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society Clinical Trials Group. Decompressive craniectomy in diffuse traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2011; 364 (16) 1493-1502
- 46 Nirula R, Millar D, Greene T , et al. Decompressive craniectomy or medical management for refractory intracranial hypertension: an AAST-MIT propensity score analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76 (4) 944-952 , discussion 952–955
- 47 Kurland D, Hong C, Aarabi B, Gerzanich V, Simard JM. Hemorrhagic progression of a contusion after traumatic brain injury: a review. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29 (1) 19-31
- 48 Flint AC, Manley GT, Gean AD, Hemphill III JC, Rosenthal G. Post-operative expansion of hemorrhagic contusions after unilateral decompressive hemicraniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2008; 25 (5) 503-512
- 49 Szczygielski J, Mautes AE, Müller A , et al. Decompressive craniectomy increases brain lesion volume and exacerbates functional impairment in closed head injury in mice. J Neurotrauma 2016; 33 (1) 122-131
- 50 Cepeda S, Gómez PA, Castaño-Leon AM, Martínez-Pérez R, Munarriz PM, Lagares A. Traumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Risk Factors Associated with Progression. J Neurotrauma 2015; 32 (16) 1246-1253
- 51 Sturiale CL, De Bonis P, Rigante L , et al. Do traumatic brain contusions increase in size after decompressive craniectomy?. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29 (18) 2723-2726
- 52 von Holst H, Li X, Kleiven S. Increased strain levels and water content in brain tissue after decompressive craniotomy. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154 (9) 1583-1593
- 53 Li X, von Holst H, Kleiven S. Decompressive craniectomy causes a significant strain increase in axonal fiber tracts. J Clin Neurosci 2013; 20 (4) 509-513
- 54 Chesnut RM, Temkin N, Carney N , et al; Global Neurotrauma Research Group. A trial of intracranial-pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury. N Engl J Med 2012; 367 (26) 2471-2481
- 55 Chesnut RM. What is wrong with the tenets underpinning current management of severe traumatic brain injury?. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2015; 1345: 74-82
- 56 Yuan Q, Wu X, Sun Y , et al. Impact of intracranial pressure monitoring on mortality in patients with traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Neurosurg 2015; 122 (3) 574-587
- 57 Kramer AH, Deis N, Ruddell S , et al. Decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury: are the usual indications congruent with those evaluated in clinical trials?. Neurocrit Care 2016; 25 (1) 10-19
- 58 Hutchinson PJ, Corteen E, Czosnyka M , et al. Decompressive craniectomy in traumatic brain injury: the randomized multicenter RESCUEicp study (www.RESCUEicp.com). Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2006; 96: 17-20
- 59 Zhao HX, Liao Y, Xu D , et al. Prospective randomized evaluation of therapeutic decompressive craniectomy in severe traumatic brain injury with mass lesions (PRECIS): study protocol for a controlled trial. BMC Neurol 2016; 16 (1) 1
- 60 Smith ER, Carter BS, Ogilvy CS. Proposed use of prophylactic decompressive craniectomy in poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients presenting with associated large sylvian hematomas. Neurosurgery 2002; 51 (1) 117-124 , discussion 124
- 61 Schirmer CM, Hoit DA, Malek AM. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for the treatment of intractable intracranial hypertension after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke 2007; 38 (3) 987-992
- 62 Jussen D, Marticorena S, Sandow N, Vajkoczy P, Horn P. Ultra-early decompressive hemicraniectomy in aneurysmal intracerebral hemorrhage: a retrospective observational study. Minerva Anestesiol 2015; 81 (4) 398-404
- 63 Stuart RM, Claassen J, Schmidt M , et al. Multimodality neuromonitoring and decompressive hemicraniectomy after subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2011; 15 (1) 146-150
- 64 Otani N, Takasato Y, Masaoka H , et al. Surgical outcome following decompressive craniectomy for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage in patients with associated massive intracerebral or sylvian hematomas. Cerebrovasc Dis 2008; 26 (6) 612-617
- 65 Güresir E, Schuss P, Vatter H, Raabe A, Seifert V, Beck J. Decompressive craniectomy in subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2009; 26 (6) E4
- 66 D'Ambrosio AL, Sughrue ME, Yorgason JG , et al. Decompressive hemicraniectomy for poor-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients with associated intracerebral hemorrhage: clinical outcome and quality of life assessment. Neurosurgery 2005; 56 (1) 12-19 , 19–20
- 67 Buschmann U, Yonekawa Y, Fortunati M, Cesnulis E, Keller E. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intractable intracranial hypertension. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2007; 149 (1) 59-65
- 68 Dorfer C, Frick A, Knosp E, Gruber A. Decompressive hemicraniectomy after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. World Neurosurg 2010; 74 (4–5) 465-471
- 69 Takeuchi S, Takasato Y, Masaoka H , et al. Decompressive craniectomy for arteriovenous malformation-related intracerebral hemorrhage. J Clin Neurosci 2015; 22 (3) 483-487
- 70 Rahme R, Weil AG, Bojanowski MW. Outcome of severe arteriovenous malformation-related intracranial hemorrhage: the importance of cisternal subarachnoid hemorrhage and early seizures. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2011; 153 (4) 897-903
- 71 Staykov D, Wagner I, Volbers B , et al. Natural course of perihemorrhagic edema after intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2011; 42 (9) 2625-2629
- 72 Urday S, Kimberly WT, Beslow LA , et al. Targeting secondary injury in intracerebral haemorrhage—perihaematomal oedema. Nat Rev Neurol 2015; 11 (2) 111-122
- 73 Mendelow AD, Gregson BA, Fernandes HM , et al; STICH investigators. Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial. Lancet 2005; 365 (9457) 387-397
- 74 Dierssen G, Carda R, Coca JM. The influence of large decompressive craniectomy on the outcome of surgical treatment in spontaneous intracerebral haematomas. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1983; 69 (1–2) 53-60
- 75 Ma L, Liu WG, Sheng HS, Fan J, Hu WW, Chen JS. Decompressive craniectomy in addition to hematoma evacuation improves mortality of patients with spontaneous basal ganglia hemorrhage. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2010; 19 (4) 294-298
- 76 Murthy JM, Chowdary GV, Murthy TV, Bhasha PS, Naryanan TJ. Decompressive craniectomy with clot evacuation in large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care 2005; 2 (3) 258-262
- 77 Takeuchi S, Takasato Y, Masaoka H , et al. Decompressive craniectomy with hematoma evacuation for large hemispheric hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2013; 118: 277-279
- 78 Shimamura N, Munakata A, Naraoka M, Nakano T, Ohkuma H. Decompressive hemi-craniectomy is not necessary to rescue supratentorial hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage patients: consecutive single-center experience. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2011; 111: 415-419
- 79 Esquenazi Y, Savitz SI, El Khoury R, McIntosh MA, Grotta JC, Tandon N. Decompressive hemicraniectomy with or without clot evacuation for large spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhages. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 128: 117-122
- 80 Hayes SB, Benveniste RJ, Morcos JJ, Aziz-Sultan MA, Elhammady MS. Retrospective comparison of craniotomy and decompressive craniectomy for surgical evacuation of nontraumatic, supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurosurg Focus 2013; 34 (5) E3
- 81 Ramnarayan R, Anto D, Anilkumar TV, Nayar R. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in large putaminal hematomas: an Indian experience. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis 2009; 18 (1) 1-10
- 82 Fung C, Murek M, Z'Graggen WJ , et al. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in patients with supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 2012; 43 (12) 3207-3211
- 83 Heuts SG, Bruce SS, Zacharia BE , et al. Decompressive hemicraniectomy without clot evacuation in dominant-sided intracerebral hemorrhage with ICP crisis. Neurosurg Focus 2013; 34 (5) E4
- 84 Stefini R, Latronico N, Cornali C, Rasulo F, Bollati A. Emergent decompressive craniectomy in patients with fixed dilated pupils due to cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis: report of three cases. Neurosurgery 1999; 45 (3) 626-629 , discussion 629–630
- 85 Coutinho JM, Majoie CB, Coert BA, Stam J. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in cerebral sinus thrombosis: consecutive case series and review of the literature. Stroke 2009; 40 (6) 2233-2235
- 86 Mohindra S, Umredkar A, Singla N, Bal A, Gupta SK. Decompressive craniectomy for malignant cerebral oedema of cortical venous thrombosis: an analysis of 13 patients. Br J Neurosurg 2011; 25 (3) 422-429
- 87 Rajan Vivakaran TT, Srinivas D, Kulkarni GB, Somanna S. The role of decompressive craniectomy in cerebral venous sinus thrombosis. J Neurosurg 2012; 117 (4) 738-744
- 88 Ferro JM, Crassard I, Coutinho JM , et al; Second International Study on Cerebral Vein and Dural Sinus Thrombosis (ISCVT 2) Investigators. Decompressive surgery in cerebrovenous thrombosis: a multicenter registry and a systematic review of individual patient data. Stroke 2011; 42 (10) 2825-2831
- 89 Zuurbier SM, Coutinho JM, Majoie CB, Coert BA, van den Munckhof P, Stam J. Decompressive hemicraniectomy in severe cerebral venous thrombosis: a prospective case series. J Neurol 2012; 259 (6) 1099-1105
- 90 Théaudin M, Crassard I, Bresson D , et al. Should decompressive surgery be performed in malignant cerebral venous thrombosis?: a series of 12 patients. Stroke 2010; 41 (4) 727-731
- 91 Keller E, Pangalu A, Fandino J, Könü D, Yonekawa Y. Decompressive craniectomy in severe cerebral venous and dural sinus thrombosis. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 2005; 94: 177-183
- 92 Pérez-Bovet J, Garcia-Armengol R, Buxó-Pujolràs M , et al. Decompressive craniectomy for encephalitis with brain herniation: case report and review of the literature. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2012; 154 (9) 1717-1724
- 93 Dombrowski KE, Mehta AI, Turner DA, McDonagh DL. Life-saving hemicraniectomy for fulminant acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Br J Neurosurg 2011; 25 (2) 249-252
- 94 Ahmed AI, Eynon CA, Kinton L, Nicoll JA, Belli A. Decompressive craniectomy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Neurocrit Care 2010; 13 (3) 393-395
- 95 Granget E, Milh M, Pech-Gourg G , et al. Life-saving decompressive craniectomy for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis in a child: a case report. Childs Nerv Syst 2012; 28 (7) 1121-1124
- 96 Ong YK, Goh KY, Chan C. Bifrontal decompressive craniectomy for acute subdural empyema. Childs Nerv Syst 2002; 18 (6–7) 340-343 , discussion 344
- 97 Wada Y, Kubo T, Asano T, Senda N, Isono M, Kobayashi H. Fulminant subdural empyema treated with a wide decompressive craniectomy and continuous irrigation—case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2002; 42 (9) 414-416
- 98 Sarov M, Guichard JP, Chibarro S , et al; DECIMAL investigators. Sinking skin flap syndrome and paradoxical herniation after hemicraniectomy for malignant hemispheric infarction. Stroke 2010; 41 (3) 560-562
- 99 Yang XF, Wen L, Shen F , et al. Surgical complications secondary to decompressive craniectomy in patients with a head injury: a series of 108 consecutive cases. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 2008; 150 (12) 1241-1247 , discussion 1248
- 100 Ban SP, Son YJ, Yang HJ, Chung YS, Lee SH, Han DH. Analysis of complications following decompressive craniectomy for traumatic brain injury. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2010; 48 (3) 244-250
- 101 Honeybul S, Ho KM. Long-term complications of decompressive craniectomy for head injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 28 (6) 929-935
- 102 Sedney CL, Dillen W, Julien T. Clinical spectrum and radiographic features of the syndrome of the trephined. J Neurosci Rural Pract 2015; 6 (3) 438-441
- 103 Liang W, Xiaofeng Y, Weiguo L , et al. Cranioplasty of large cranial defect at an early stage after decompressive craniectomy performed for severe head trauma. J Craniofac Surg 2007; 18 (3) 526-532
- 104 Honeybul S. Complications of decompressive craniectomy for head injury. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17 (4) 430-435
- 105 Akins PT, Guppy KH. Sinking skin flaps, paradoxical herniation, and external brain tamponade: a review of decompressive craniectomy management. Neurocrit Care 2008; 9 (2) 269-276
- 106 Creutzfeldt CJ, Vilela MD, Longstreth Jr WT. Paradoxical herniation after decompressive craniectomy provoked by lumbar puncture or ventriculoperitoneal shunting. J Neurosurg 2015; 123 (5) 1170-1175
- 107 Zhao J, Li G, Zhang Y, Zhu X, Hou K. Sinking skin flap syndrome and paradoxical herniation secondary to lumbar drainage. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2015; 133: 6-10
- 108 Waziri A, Fusco D, Mayer SA, McKhann II GM, Connolly Jr ES. Postoperative hydrocephalus in patients undergoing decompressive hemicraniectomy for ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke. Neurosurgery 2007; 61 (3) 489-493 , discussion 493–494
- 109 Choi I, Park HK, Chang JC, Cho SJ, Choi SK, Byun BJ. Clinical factors for the development of posttraumatic hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2008; 43 (5) 227-231
- 110 De Bonis P, Pompucci A, Mangiola A, Rigante L, Anile C. Post-traumatic hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy: an underestimated risk factor. J Neurotrauma 2010; 27 (11) 1965-1970
- 111 Honeybul S, Ho KM. Incidence and risk factors for post-traumatic hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy for intractable intracranial hypertension and evacuation of mass lesions. J Neurotrauma 2012; 29 (10) 1872-1878
- 112 Rahme R, Weil AG, Sabbagh M, Moumdjian R, Bouthillier A, Bojanowski MW. Decompressive craniectomy is not an independent risk factor for communicating hydrocephalus in patients with increased intracranial pressure. Neurosurgery 2010; 67 (3) 675-678 , discussion 678
- 113 Aarabi B, Chesler D, Maulucci C, Blacklock T, Alexander M. Dynamics of subdural hygroma following decompressive craniectomy: a comparative study. Neurosurg Focus 2009; 26 (6) E8
- 114 De Bonis P, Sturiale CL, Anile C , et al. Decompressive craniectomy, interhemispheric hygroma and hydrocephalus: a timeline of events?. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2013; 115 (8) 1308-1312
- 115 Nalbach SV, Ropper AE, Dunn IF, Gormley WB. Craniectomy-associated progressive extra-axial collections with treated hydrocephalus (CAPECTH): redefining a common complication of decompressive craniectomy. J Clin Neurosci 2012; 19 (9) 1222-1227
- 116 Jeon SW, Choi JH, Jang TW, Moon SM, Hwang HS, Jeong JH. Risk factors associated with subdural hygroma after decompressive craniectomy in patients with traumatic brain injury : a comparative study. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2011; 49 (6) 355-358
- 117 Su TM, Lee TH, Chen WF, Lee TC, Cheng CH. Contralateral acute epidural hematoma after decompressive surgery of acute subdural hematoma: clinical features and outcome. J Trauma 2008; 65 (6) 1298-1302
- 118 Lee MH, Yang JT, Weng HH , et al. Hydrocephalus following decompressive craniectomy for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2012; 114 (6) 555-559