Dedicated in the memory of my beloved brother, the late Mr. Sushil Kumar Awasthi.
Abstract
Tetrazoles are synthetic organic heterocyclic compounds comprising of high nitrogen content among stable heterocycles. Tetrazoles, chiefly 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles have been used as a bioisosteric replacement for carboxylic acids in medicinal chemistry. Various clinical drugs, including losartan, cefazolin, and alfentanil, contain the tetrazole moiety. There have been significant developments in the synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles. Researchers are still working to develop more efficient and ecofriendly methods for their synthesis. In this review, we provide a comprehensive discussion of the recent advancements in the field of synthesis of 5-substituted 1H-tetrazoles.
1 Introduction
2 The Role of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles in Medicinal Chemistry
3 Synthesis of 5-Substituted 1H-Tetrazoles
3.1 Microwave-Assisted Synthesis
3.2 Heterogeneous Catalysts
3.3 Nanoparticles as Heterogeneous Catalysts
3.4 Miscellaneous Methods
4 Sartans: A Class of Tetrazole-Based Commercial Drugs
5 Conclusions
Key words
tetrazole - [3+2] cycloaddition - heterogeneous catalysis - synthetic methods - medicinal chemistry
