Kortikale Exzitabilität – Messung und Modulation

Zusammenfassung

Mit der transkraniellen Magnetstimulation (TMS) steht eine nichtinvasive Methode zur Verfügung, die kortikale Erregbarkeit sowohl zu messen als auch zu modulieren. Damit stellt diese Technik ein besonders attraktives Forschungsinstrument der biologischen Psychiatrie dar und bietet darüber hinaus möglicherweise neue Therapieoptionen für unterschiedliche zentralnervöse Störungen. Nach einer kurzen Übersicht über die üblicherweise verwendeten Messmethoden der durch die TMS fassbaren Parameter kortikaler Exzitabilität wird der bisherige Kenntnisstand zur physiologischen bzw. pathophysiologischen Bedeutung der Parameter beschrieben. Nachfolgend werden die Möglichkeiten der Modulation kortikaler Erregbarkeit dargestellt. Abschließend werden offene Fragen und Perspektiven der neuropsychiatrischen Forschung mit TMS diskutiert.

Summary

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) offers a noninvasive tool for the assessment and modulation of cortical excitability. These characteristics qualify this technique as an interesting method for neuropsychiatric research and may yield new therapeutic strategies for various disorders of the central nervous system. After a short summary of the common methods of cortical excitation measurement and modulation including single pulse TMS, double pulse TMS, slow and rapid-rate TMS, the current literature regarding the physiological and pathophysiological role of cortical excitability is described. Finally we discuss open questions and perspectives of measurement and modulation of cortical excitability for neuropsychiatric research with TMS.

Schlüsselwörter

Transkranielle Magnetstimulation (TMS) - kortikale Erregbarkeit - Doppelpuls-TMS - repetitive TMS (rTMS) - Psychopharmakologie

Keywords

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) - cortical excitability - double pulse TMS - repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation - psychopharmacology

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