Download PDF
Nervenheilkunde 2007; 26(07): 553-559
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1626894
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Immunologische Imbalancen bei Stress

Cytokines and psychological stress
C. A. Bruenahl
1   Forschungsgruppe Psychosomatische Rehabilitation an der Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin und der Abteilung Verhaltenstherapie und Psychosomatik des Rehabilitationszentrums Seehof der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund, Teltow/Berlin
,
P. C. Arck
2   Centrum für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin
,
B. F. Klapp
2   Centrum für Innere Medizin und Dermatologie, Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Psychosomatik, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin
,
M. Linden
1   Forschungsgruppe Psychosomatische Rehabilitation an der Universitätsmedizin Charité, Berlin und der Abteilung Verhaltenstherapie und Psychosomatik des Rehabilitationszentrums Seehof der Deutschen Rentenversicherung Bund, Teltow/Berlin
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Eingegangen am: 13 April 2007

angenommen am: 13 March 2007

Publication Date:
20 January 2018 (online)

Also available at
    Permissions and Reprints

Zusammenfassung

Chronische Belastungsstörungen finden derzeit in Klinik und Forschung eine vermehrte Aufmerksamkeit. Die psychoneuroimmunologische Forschung untersucht in diesem Zusammenhang die biologische Stressantwort sowie den „Cross-talk” zwischen neuroendokrinen Zellen und Immunzellen. Bei der Frage nach der Interaktion von psychischem Stress, Stressmediatoren und psychischen wie somatischen Erkrankungen kann nicht von einem unmittelbaren linearen Zusammenhang ausgegangen werden. Stattdessen ist das grundlegende Paradigma, dass insbesondere chronischer psychischer Stress zu Veränderungen in Regulationsgleichgewichten führt, die wiederum die Vulnerabilität für pathologische Folgeprozesse erhöhen. Da eine Dysregulation eben dieser Mediatoren in der Pathogenese von Infektions-, Autoimmun- und allergischen Erkrankungen eine bedeutende Rolle spielt, sind die pathologischen Folgeprozesse von Patienten mit chronischem psychischen Stress, besonders im Hinblick auf chronische Belastungsstörungen, zu prüfen. Um die Interaktion zwischen Psyche und Soma näher zu erforschen, erscheinen hier die Stressmediatoren vielversprechend, speziell die Zytokine Interleukin-10 und Interleukin-12 sowie die Th-1/Th-2-Ratio.

Summary

There is a growing interest in chronic stress reactions. Psychoneuroimmunological research examines the biological stress response and the “cross-talk” between neuroendocrine cells and immune cells. The interaction of psychological stress, stress mediators and psychiatric and/or somatic illnesses cannot be an immediate linear connection. Instead, the basic paradigm is that chronic psychological stress leads to changes in the allostatic ability of the organism which raises the vulnerability of pathological processes. Because a dysregulation of these mediators plays an important role in the pathogenesis of infections or autoimmune and allergic diseases, the pathological adaptation processes of patients with chronic psychological stress are of high interest. Promising indicators of these processes are the cytokines Interleukin-10, Interleukin-12 and the Th-1/Th-2-Ratio.

Schlüsselwörter

Psychischer Stress - Belastungsstörung - Zytokine - IL-10/12-Ratio

Keywords

Psychological stress - stress dysfunction - cytokines - IL-10/12-Ratio
 

  • Literatur

  • 1 Aloe L, Alleva E, Fiore M. Stress and nerve growth factor: findings in animal models and humans. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2002; 73: 159-166.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 2 Altare F. et al. Impairment of mycobacterial immunity in human interleukin-12 receptor deficiency. Sience 1998; 280: 1432-1435.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 3 Arck PC, Slominzki A, Theoharides TC, Peters EMJ, Paus R. Neuroimmunology of Stress: Skin takes center stage. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 2006; 126: 1697-1704.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 4 Arolt V, Rothermundt M. The immunology of Psychiatric Disorders. Psychother Psych Med 2005; 55: 36-48.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 5 Bartolomucci A, Palanza P, Gaspani L, Limiroli E, Panerai AE, Ceresini G. et al. Social status in mice: behavioral, endocrine and immune changes are context dependent. Psychol Behav 2001; 73: 401-410.
    Google Scholar
  • 6 Bartolomucci A, Sacerdote P, Panerai AE, Pederzani T, Palanza P, Parmigiani S. Chronic psychosocial stress induced down-regulation of immunity depends upon individual factors. J Neuroimmunol 2003; 151: 58-64.
    Google Scholar
  • 7 Bartolomucci A, Palanza P, Dacerdote P, Panerai AE, Sgoifo A, Dantzer R, Parmigiani S. Social factors and individual vulnerability to chronic stress exposure. Neuroscience biobehavior Rev 2005; 29: 67-81.
    Google Scholar
  • 8 Besedovsky HO, Sorkin E. Network of immuneendocrine interactions. Clin Exp Immunol 1977; 27: 1-12.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 9 Blotta MH, DeKruyff RH, Umetu DT. Corticocosteroids inhibit IL-12 production in human monocytes and enhance their capacity to induce IL-4 synthesis in CD4+ lymphocytes. J Immunol 1997; 158: 5589-5595.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 10 Boscarino JA, Chang J. Higher abnormal leukocyte and lymphocyte counts 20 years after exposure to severe stress: research and clinical implications. Psychosomatic Medicine 1999; 61: 378-386.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 11 Bresnitz S. et al. Experimental induction of acutepsychological stress in human volunteers, effects on immunological, neuroendocrine, cardio vascular and psychological parameters. Brain, Behavior and Immunity 1998; 12: 34-55.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 12 Cacioppo JT, Berntson GG, Malarkey WB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK, Sheridan JF, Poehlmann KM. et al. Autonomic, neuroendocrine, and immune responses to psychological stress: the reactivity hypothesis. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998; 840: 664-673.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 13 Cash JM, Crofford LJ, Gallucci WT, Sternberg EM, Gold PW, Chrousos GP, Wilder RL. Pituitaryadrenal axis responsivemness to ovine corticotropin releasing hormone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with low dose prednisone. J Rheumatol 1992; 19: 1692-1696.
    Google Scholar
  • 14 Chrousos GP. The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and immune-mediated inflammation. New Engl J Med 1995; 332: 1351-1362.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 15 Cohn S, Tyrrell DA, Smith AT. Psychological stress and susceptibility to common cold. New Engl J Med 1991; 325: 606-612.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 16 Cohen S, William JD, David PS. Psychological stress, cytokine production, and severity of upper respiratory illness. Psychosomatik Medicine 1999; 61: 175-180.
    Google Scholar
  • 17 Dhabhar FS. Stress-induced enhancement of cellmediated immunity. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998; 840: 359-372.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 18 Dhabar FS, McEwen BS. Bidirectional effects of stress and glucocorticoid hormones on immune function: possible explainations for paradoxical observations. In: Ader R, Felten DL, Cohen N. (Hrsg): Psychoneuroimmunology. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001
    Google Scholar
  • 19 DeKruyff RH, Fang Y, Umetsu DT. Corticosteroids enhance the capacity of macrophages to induce Th2 cytokine synthesis in CD4+ lymphocytes by inhibiting IL-12 production. J Immunol 1998; 160: 2231-2237.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 20 Elenkov IJ, Papanicolaou DA, Wilder RL, Chrousos GP. Modulatory effects of glucocorticoids and catecholamines on human interleukin-12 and interleukin-10 production: clinical implications. Proc Assoc Am Physicians 1996; 108: 374-381.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 21 Elenkov IJ, Chrousos GP. Stress hormones, Th1/ Th2 patterns, pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines and susceptibility to disease. TEM 1999; 09: 359-368.
    Google Scholar
  • 22 Elenkov IJ, Iezzoni DG, Daly A, Harris AG, Chrousos GP. Cytokine dysregulation, inflammation and well-being. Neuroimmunomodul 2005; 12: 255-269.
    Google Scholar
  • 23 Fearon DT, Lockslay RM. The instruktive role of innate immunity in the acquired immune responce. Science 1996; 272: 50-53.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 24 Gilioli R, Campanini P, Fichera GP, Punzi S, Cassitto MG. Emerging aspects of psychosocial risks: violence and harassment at work. Med Lav 2006; 97: 160-164.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 25 Glaser R, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Stress-induced immune dysfunction: implications for helth. Nat Rev Immunol 2005; 05: 243-251.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 26 Haraguchi S, Good RA, James-Yarish M, Cianciolo GJ, Day NK. Induction of intracellular cAMP by syntetic retroviral envelope peptide: a possible mechanism of immunopathogemesis in retroviral infections. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1995; 92: 5568-5571.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 27 Hasko G, Szabo C, Nemeth ZH, Salzman AL, Vizi ES. Stimmulation of beta-adrenoceptors inhibits endotoxin-induced IL-12 production in normal and IL-10 deficient mice. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 88: 57-61.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 28 Kersting A, Fischer S, Suslow T, Ohrmann P, Arolt V. Messinstrument zur Erfassung von Trauer – Ein kritischer Überblick. Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie 2003; 53: 475-484.
    Article in Thieme ConnectPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 29 Kincy-Cain T, Bost KL. Substanz P-induced IL-12 production by murine macrophages. J Immunol 1997; 158: 2334-2339.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 30 Knackstedt MK, Arck PC. Geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede bei Asthma bronchiale. Klinikarzt 2006; 35 (01) 359-365.
    Google Scholar
  • 31 Lazarus RS. (Hrsg) Psychological stress and coping process. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1966
    Google Scholar
  • 32 Lerner BH. Can stress cause disease? Revisiting the tuberculosis reseach of Thomas Holmes, 1949–1961. Ann Intern Med 1996; 124: 673-680.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 33 Levi-Montalcini R, Skaper SD, Dal Toso R, Petrelli L, Leon A. Nerve groth factor: from neurotrophin to neurokin. Trends Neurosci 1996; 19: 514-520.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 34 Linden M. The Posttraumatic Embitterment Disorder. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 2003; 72: 195-202.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 35 Linden M, Schippan B, Baumann K, Spielberg R. Die posttraumatische Verbitterungsstörung. Nervenarzt 2004; 75: 51-57.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 36 Liu J, Chen M, Wang X. Calcitonin gene-related peptide inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced interleukin-12 release from mouse peritoneal macrophages, mediated by the cAMP pathway. Immunology 2000; 101: 61-67.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 37 Maes M, Lin AH, Delmeire L. et al. Elevated serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) an IL-6 receptor concentrations in posttraumatic stress disorder following accidental man-made traumatic events. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 45: 833-839.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 38 Marshall JS. et al. Nerve groth factor modifies the expression of inflammatory cytokines by mast cells via a prostanoid-dependent mechanism. J Immunol 1999; 162: 4271-4276.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 39 Mason JW. A review of psychoendocrine research on the sympathetic-adrenal medullary system. Psychosomatic Medicine 1968; 30: 631-653.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 40 McEvoy AN, Bresnihan B, FitzGerald O, Murphy EP. Corticotropin-releasing hormone signalling in synovial tissue from patients with early inflammatory arthritis is mediated by the type 1a corticotrophin-realising hormonenreceptor. Arthritis Rheum 2001; 44: 1761-1767.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 41 McEwen BS, Wingfield JC. The concept of allostasis in biology and biomedicine. Hormones and Behavior 2003; 43: 2-15.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 42 Michelson D, Stone L, Magiakou MA, Chrousos GP, Sternberg EM, Gold PW. Multiple Sclerosis is associated with alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function. J Clin Endocrionol Metab 1994; 79: 848-853.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 43 Mommersteeg PM, Heijnen CJ, Kavelaars A, van Dornen LJ. Immune and endocrine function in burnout syndrome. Psychosomatic Medicine. 2006
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 44 Mosmann TR, Sad S. The expanding universe of T-cell subsets: Th1, Th2 and more. Immunolo Today 1996; 17: 138-146.
    Google Scholar
  • 45 Olff M. Stress, depression and immunity: the role of defence and coping styles. Rsychiatry Res 1999; 85: 7-15.
    Google Scholar
  • 46 Paik IH, Toh KY, Lee C, Kim JJ, Lee SJ. Psychological stress may induce increased humoral and dereased cellular immunity. Behav Med 2000; 26 (03) 139-141.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 47 Panina-Bordignon P. et al. Beta2-agonists prevent Th1 development by selective inhibition of interleukin12. J Clin Invest 1997; 100: 1513-1519.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 48 Powell LH, Eagleston JR. The assessment of chronic stress in college students. In Altmeier EM. (Hrsg). Helping students manage stress– new directions for students services. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass; 1983
    Google Scholar
  • 49 Pranjic N, Males-Bilic L, Beganlic A, Mustajbegovic J. Mobbing, stress, and work ability index among physicans in Bosnia and Herzegovina: survey study. Croat Med J 2006; 47: 750-758.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 50 Prigerson HG, Shear MK, Jacobs SC, Reynolds 3rd CF, Maciejewski PK, Davidson JR, Rosenheck R, Pilkonis PA, Wortman CB, Williams JB, Widiger TA, Frank E, Kupfer DJ, Zisook S. Consensus criteria for traumatic grief. A preliminary empirical test. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 67-73.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 51 Raychaudhuri SP, Raychaudhuri SK. Role of NGF and neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesesis of psoriasis. Prog Brain Res 2004; 146: 433-437.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 52 Reck C. (Hrsg). Kritische Lebensereignisse und Depression. Berlin: Lengerich; 2001
    Google Scholar
  • 53 Reinecker H. Forschung in der Klinischen Psychologie. In: Reinecker H. (Hrsg). Lehrbuch der klinischen Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Modelle psychischer Störungen. Göttingen: Hogrefe; 2003
    Google Scholar
  • 54 Rogers MP, Fozdar M. Psychoneuroimmunology of autoimmune disorders. Adv Neuroimmunol 1996; 06: 169-177.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 55 Sanders VM, Baker RA, Ramer-Quinn DS, Kasprowics DJ, Fuchs BA, Street NE. Differential expression of the beta2-adrenergic receptor by Th1 and Th2 clones: implications for cytokine production and B cell help. J Immunol 1997; 158: 4200-4210.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 56 Sapolski RM. Neoroendocrinology of the stressresponce. In: Becker JB, Breedlove SM, Crews D. (Hrsg). Behavioral endocrinology. Cambridge: The Mit Press; 1992
    Google Scholar
  • 57 Sapolsky RM. Glucocorticoids and hippocampal atrophy in neuropsychiatric disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2000; 57: 925-935.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 58 Schulz H, Schulz KH. Kurzfristige psychische Belastung und Immunfunktionen- eine metaanalytische Übersicht. In: Schulz KH, Kugler J, Schedlowski M. (Hrsg). Psychoneuroimmunologie. Bern, Göttingen, Toronto, Seattle: Verlag Hans Huber; 1997
    Google Scholar
  • 59 Segal BM, Dwyer BK, Shevach EM. An interleukin (IL)-10/IL-12 immunregulatory circuit controls susceptibility to autoimmune disease. J Exp Med 1998; 187: 537-546.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 60 Segestrom SC, Kemeny ME, Laundslager ML. Individual difference factors in psychoneuroimmunolgy. In: Ader R, Felten DL, Cohen N. (Hrsg). Psychoneuroimmunology. 3rd ed. San Diego: Academic Press; 2001
    Google Scholar
  • 61 Selye H. The general adaption syndrome and the diseases of adaption. J Clin Endocrinol 1946; 06: 117-230.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 62 Selye H. (Hrsg). Stress. Montreal, Quebec, Canada: Acta Medical Publisher; 1950
    Google Scholar
  • 63 Steinman L. Elaborate interactions between the immune and nervous system. Nat Immunol 2004; 05: 575-581.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 64 Stiglitz Rolf-Dieter. Anpassungs- und Belastungsstörungen in der ICD-10. Psychoneuro 2005; 31: 16-20.
    Article in Thieme ConnectGoogle Scholar
  • 65 Trinchieri G. Interleukin-12: a proinflammatory cytokine with immunoregulatory functions that bridge innate resistance and antigenspecific adaptive immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 1995; 13: 251-276.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 66 Wannacott KM, Bonneau RH. The effect of stress on memory cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated protection against herpes simplex virus at mucosal sites. Brain Behav Immun 2002; 16: 104-117.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 67 Webster JL, Tonelli L, Sternberg EM. Neuroendocrine regulation of immunity. Annu Rev Immunol 2002; 20: 125-163.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 68 Wills-Karp M. IL-12/IL-13 axis in allergic asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001; 107: 9-18.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 69 Yehuda R, Boissoneau D, Lowy MT, Giller EL. Dose-response changes in plasma cortisol and lyphmphocyte glucocorticoid reseptors following dexamethasone administration in combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1995; 150: 583-593.
    Google Scholar
  • 70 Yehuda R. Sensitization on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal-axis in posttraumatic stress disorder. Ann NY Acad Sci 1997; 821: 57-75.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 71 Yehuda R. Psychoneuroendocrinology of posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychiatr Clinics North America 1998; 21: 359-379.
    Google Scholar
  • 72 Yehuda R, Golier JA, Halligan SL, Meaney M, Bierer LM. The ACTH responce to dexamethasone in PTSD. Am J Psychiatry 2004; 161: 1397-1403.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 73 Zabel P, Horst JH, Krüger JM. Circadian rhythm of interleukin-1 production of monozytes and the influence of endogenous glucocorticoids in man. Klin Wochenschr 1990; 68: 1217-1221.
    CrossrefPubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 74 Zabel P, Linnemann K, Schaak M. Zirkadiane Rhythmik von Zytokinen. Immun Infekt 1993; 21: 38-40.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 75 Zdrenghea D, Poanta L, Gaita D. Cardiovascular risk factors and risk behaviors in railway workers. Professional stress and cardiovascular risk. Rom J Intern Med 2005; 43 (1–2): 49-59.
    PubMedGoogle Scholar
  • 76 Zimbardo PG. (Hrsg). Psychologie. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York: Springer-Verlag; 1992
    Google Scholar