Methods Inf Med 1986; 25(04): 215-221
DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1635475
Original Article
Schattauer GmbH

Subjective Expected Utility and Referral Decisions in Obesity[*] [**]

Subjektive Nutzenerwartung und Überweisungsentscheidungen bei Fettsucht
P. A. Jennett
1   (From the Office of Medical Education, University of Calgary, the Center for Educational Development, University of Illinois, and the Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University)
,
A. S. Elstein
1   (From the Office of Medical Education, University of Calgary, the Center for Educational Development, University of Illinois, and the Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University)
,
Marilyn L. Rothert
1   (From the Office of Medical Education, University of Calgary, the Center for Educational Development, University of Illinois, and the Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University)
,
D. R. Rovner
1   (From the Office of Medical Education, University of Calgary, the Center for Educational Development, University of Illinois, and the Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University)
,
Necia A. Black
1   (From the Office of Medical Education, University of Calgary, the Center for Educational Development, University of Illinois, and the Office of Medical Education Research and Development, Michigan State University)
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Publication Date:
19 February 2018 (online)

Summary

Referral decisions of physicians dealing with long-term ambulatory problems are complex phenomena that are not clearly understood. This study was designed to assess the possible rationale behind such decisions in the management of obesity. It examined how well a subjective expected utility (SEU) model accounted for decisions of 45 primary care physicians regarding referral of obese female patients to an endocrinologist. Two patient goals, weight reduction and patient satisfaction, and a two-year time horizon were incorporated in the model.

Data were collected using 24 written cases representing 12 patients approximately 100% overweight and 12 about 50% overweight, and a semi-structured interview in which subjective probabilities and importance weights were obtained. Values were calculated by transforming physicians’ ratings of risk of morbidity in the 24 cases into a utility scale.

The SEU did not account for the primary care physicians’ referral behavior. Correlations between number of patient cases referred and SEU were analyzed and were not statistically significant, although there was substantial variation across physicians in number of cases referred. Mean subjective probabilities of weight loss and patient satisfaction were essentially identical for referral and non-referral.

The formulation of the model, the design of the cases, and the method of value assessment are discussed as potential threats to the validity of the model as an account of referral decisions. Problems of constructing an adequate model are considered.

Überweisungsentscheidungen von Ärzten in Fällen langfristiger ambulanter Behandlung sind komplexe Phänomene, die nicht leicht zu verstehen sind. Diese Studie soll dazu dienen, die mögliche Logik, die hinter solchen Entscheidungen bei der Behandlung der Fettsucht steht, einzuschätzen. Sie untersucht, inwieweit ein subjektives Nutzenerwartungsmodell (SEU) zu Entscheidungen von 45 Hausärzten in bezug auf die Überweisung fettsüchtiger Patientinnen an einen Endokrinologen beitrug. Zwei Zielsetzungen, nämlich Gewichtsherabsetzung und Befriedigung der Patienten, und ein zweijähriger Zeithorizont wurden in das Modell eingebaut.

Unter Benutzung von 24 Krankengeschichten von 12 Patienten mit rund 100% und 12 mit etwa 50% Übergewicht und eines halbstrukturierten Interviews zur Gewinnung subjektiver Wahrscheinlichkeiten und Bedeutungsgewichtungen wurden Daten gesammelt. Werte wurden errechnet, indem für die 24 Fälle Schätzwerte des Erkrankungsrisikos durch die Ärzte in eine Nutzen-Skala transformiert wurden.

Das subjektive Nutzenerwartungsmodell (SEU) lieferte keine Begründung für das Überweisungsverhalten der Ärzte. Korrelationen zwischen der Anzahl der überwiesenen Patienten und SEU wurden analysiert; sie waren nicht statistisch signifikant, obgleich zwischen den Ärzten ein erheblicher Unterschied in der Anzahl der überwiesenen Fälle festgestellt wurde. Mittlere subjektive Wahrscheinlichkeiten der Gewichtsabnahme und der Patientenbefriedigung waren bei Überweisung bzw. NichtÜberweisung im wesentlichen identisch. Die Formulierung des Modells, die Anlage der Fälle und die Methode der Werteinschätzung werden als potentielle Faktoren erörtert, welche die Gültigkeit des Modells als Begründung von Überweisungsentscheidungen in Frage stellen. Es werden Betrachtungen zur Entwicklung eines adäquaten Modells angestellt.

* Supported in part by a grant from the National Library of Medicine, LM-03396, and by a Biomedical Research Grantthrough the College of Human Medicine of Michigan State University, #SO 7RR05656-13.


** This paper is based on a Ph. D. dissertation completed by the senior author and directed by A. S. Elstein. Other authors participated in the larger research program from which this study developed.


 
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