Abstract
The field of autoimmune neurology is evolving rapidly. The discovery of autoantibodies
that target neural antigens has expanded swiftly in the last decade. Recognition of
the clinical syndromes associated with autoimmune neurologic disorders, and our understanding
of the pathophysiology, has progressed significantly. Radiographic, electrophysiological,
and laboratory testing (particularly neural autoantibody testing) are fundamental
in the diagnosis of autoimmune neurological disorders and in the exclusion of mimics.
Furthermore, investigations may serve as a baseline from which objective assessment
of improvement or detection of relapse can be made. These disorders can be associated
with underlying neoplasms, and screening for malignancy is an essential component
of the investigations. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of immunotherapy can
improve neurologic function. The use of immunotherapy, however, can be associated
with diverse side effects, and careful monitoring is crucial to prevent complications.
Herein the authors address the diagnostic and treatment approach of autoimmune neurologic
disorders, with particular focus on antibody-mediated neurologic autoimmunity.
Keywords
autoimmune encephalitis - immunotherapy - immunosuppressive medications - autoimmune
neurology
