RSS-Feed abonnieren
DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1683408
A Comprehensive Update on Treatment of Dementia
Publikationsverlauf
Publikationsdatum:
29. März 2019 (online)
Abstract
Treatment of dementias represents an important but relatively neglected part of neurological care of the elderly population. Individual therapeutic interventions may make only small changes to the quality of life of individuals afflicted with dementia, but when used in combination these interventions synergize and can make a significant difference. Additionally, given the societal scale of the problem of dementia care, the overall impact, in economic and sociological terms, of such therapies is of consequence. Presently there are no disease-modifying treatments for any of the neurodegenerative dementias. Instead, the clinician has several therapeutic tools to mitigate cognitive and behavioral consequences of dementias. There are also strategies to minimize harm to patients with dementia. In this article, we aim to review these tools and place them in the greater context of dementia care.
-
References
- 1 Prince M, Guerchet M, Prina M. Policy Brief for Heads of Government: The global Impact of Dementia 2013–2050. London: Alzheimer's Disease International; 2013
- 2 Hurd MD, Martorell P, Delavande A, Mullen KJ, Langa KM. Monetary costs of dementia in the United States. N Engl J Med 2013; 368 (14) 1326-1334
- 3 Livingston G, Sommerlad A, Orgeta V. , et al. Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. Lancet 2017; 390 (10113): 2673-2734
- 4 Ngandu T, Lehtisalo J, Solomon A. , et al. A 2 year multidomain intervention of diet, exercise, cognitive training, and vascular risk monitoring versus control to prevent cognitive decline in at-risk elderly people (FINGER): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2015; 385 (9984): 2255-2263
- 5 Kivipelto M, Ngandu T, Laatikainen T, Winblad B, Soininen H, Tuomilehto J. Risk score for the prediction of dementia risk in 20 years among middle aged people: a longitudinal, population-based study. Lancet Neurol 2006; 5 (09) 735-741
- 6 Richard E, Van den Heuvel E, Moll van Charante EP. , et al. Prevention of dementia by intensive vascular care (PreDIVA): a cluster-randomized trial in progress. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2009; 23 (03) 198-204
- 7 Barreto PS, Rolland Y, Cesari M, Dupuy C, Andrieu S, Vellas B. ; MAPT study group. Effects of multidomain lifestyle intervention, omega-3 supplementation or their combination on physical activity levels in older adults: secondary analysis of the Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial (MAPT) randomised controlled trial. Age Ageing 2018; 47 (02) 281-288
- 8 Morris MC, Tangney CC, Wang Y, Sacks FM, Bennett DA, Aggarwal NT. MIND diet associated with reduced incidence of Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2015; 11 (09) 1007-1014
- 9 National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Dietary supplements and cognitive function, dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease. NCCIH. NCCIH Clin Dig Heal Prof 2017. Available at: https://nccih.nih.gov/health/providers/digest/alzheimers . Accessed August 29, 2018
- 10 MacLullich AM, Beaglehole A, Hall RJ, Meagher DJ. Delirium and long-term cognitive impairment. Int Rev Psychiatry 2009; 21 (01) 30-42
- 11 Davis DH, Muniz-Terrera G, Keage HA. , et al; Epidemiological Clinicopathological Studies in Europe (EClipSE) Collaborative Members. Association of delirium with cognitive decline in late life: a neuropathologic study of 3 population-based cohort studies. JAMA Psychiatry 2017; 74 (03) 244-251
- 12 Fong TG, Davis D, Growdon ME, Albuquerque A, Inouye SK. The interface between delirium and dementia in elderly adults. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14 (08) 823-832
- 13 American Geriatrics Society 2012 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. American Geriatrics Society updated Beers Criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 2012; 60 (04) 616-631
- 14 Gray SL, Anderson ML, Dublin S. , et al. Cumulative use of strong anticholinergics and incident dementia: a prospective cohort study. JAMA Intern Med 2015; 175 (03) 401-407
- 15 Billioti de Gage S, Moride Y, Ducruet T. , et al. Benzodiazepine use and risk of Alzheimer's disease: case-control study. BMJ 2014; 349: g5205
- 16 O'Brien JT, Burns A. ; BAP Dementia Consensus Group. Clinical practice with anti-dementia drugs: a revised (second) consensus statement from the British Association for Psychopharmacology. J Psychopharmacol 2011; 25 (08) 997-1019
- 17 Hildreth KL, Church S. Evaluation and management of the elderly patient presenting with cognitive complaints. Med Clin North Am 2015; 99 (02) 311-335
- 18 Cunningham EL, McGuinness B, Herron B, Passmore AP. Dementia. Ulster Med J 2015; 84 (02) 79-87
- 19 Homma A, Atarashi H, Kubota N, Nakai K, Takase T. Efficacy and safety of sustained release donepezil high dose versus immediate release donepezil standard dose in Japanese patients with severe Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, double-blind trial. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52 (01) 345-357
- 20 Birks J. Cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; (01) CD005593
- 21 Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J. , et al. Donepezil and memantine for moderate-to-severe Alzheimer's disease. N Engl J Med 2012; 366 (10) 893-903
- 22 Howard R, McShane R, Lindesay J. , et al. Nursing home placement in the donepezil and memantine in moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (DOMINO-AD) trial: secondary and post-hoc analyses. Lancet Neurol 2015; 14 (12) 1171-1181
- 23 McShane R, Areosa Sastre A, Minakaran N. Memantine for dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2006; 2 (02) CD003154
- 24 Emre M, Tsolaki M, Bonuccelli U. , et al; 11018 Study Investigators. Memantine for patients with Parkinson's disease dementia or dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Neurol 2010; 9 (10) 969-977
- 25 Spector A, Thorgrimsen L, Woods B. , et al. Efficacy of an evidence-based cognitive stimulation therapy programme for people with dementia: randomised controlled trial. Br J Psychiatry 2003; 183: 248-254
- 26 Woods B, Aguirre E, Spector AE, Orrell M. Cognitive stimulation to improve cognitive functioning in people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 4 (02) CD005562
- 27 Haskins EC. Cognitive Rehabilitation Manual: Translating Evidence-Based Recommendations into Practice. Reston, VA: ACRM Publishing; 2012
- 28 Bahar-Fuchs A, Clare L, Woods B. Cognitive training and cognitive rehabilitation for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2013; 6 (06) CD003260
- 29 Salminen T, Frensch P, Strobach T, Schubert T. Age-specific differences of dual n-back training. Neuropsychol Dev Cogn B Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2016; 23 (01) 18-39
- 30 Huntley JD, Gould RL, Liu K, Smith M, Howard RJ. Do cognitive interventions improve general cognition in dementia? A meta-analysis and meta-regression. BMJ Open 2015; 5 (04) e005247
- 31 Öhman H, Savikko N, Strandberg TE. , et al. Effects of exercise on cognition: the Finnish Alzheimer Disease Exercise Trial: a randomized, controlled trial. J Am Geriatr Soc 2016; 64 (04) 731-738
- 32 Forbes D, Forbes SC, Blake CM, Thiessen EJ, Forbes S. Exercise programs for people with dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015; 4 (04) CD006489
- 33 McKeith I, Del Ser T, Spano P. , et al. Efficacy of rivastigmine in dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled international study. Lancet 2000; 356 (9247): 2031-2036
- 34 Mori E, Ikeda M, Kosaka K. ; Donepezil-DLB Study Investigators. Donepezil for dementia with Lewy bodies: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Neurol 2012; 72 (01) 41-52
- 35 Schneider LS, Dagerman K, Insel PS. Efficacy and adverse effects of atypical antipsychotics for dementia: meta-analysis of randomized, placebo-controlled trials. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2006; 14 (03) 191-210
- 36 Sultzer DL, Davis SM, Tariot PN. , et al; CATIE-AD Study Group. Clinical symptom responses to atypical antipsychotic medications in Alzheimer's disease: phase 1 outcomes from the CATIE-AD effectiveness trial. Am J Psychiatry 2008; 165 (07) 844-854
- 37 Miyasaki JM, Shannon K, Voon V. , et al; Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Practice Parameter: evaluation and treatment of depression, psychosis, and dementia in Parkinson disease (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2006; 66 (07) 996-1002
- 38 Cooper C, Sommerlad A, Lyketsos CG, Livingston G. Modifiable predictors of dementia in mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Psychiatry 2015; 172 (04) 323-334
- 39 Mirza SS, Wolters FJ, Swanson SA. , et al. 10-year trajectories of depressive symptoms and risk of dementia: a population-based study. Lancet Psychiatry 2016; 3 (07) 628-635
- 40 Bains J, Birks J, Dening T. Antidepressants for treating depression in dementia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2002; 4 (04) CD003944
- 41 Guarnieri B, Sorbi S. Sleep and cognitive decline: a strong bidirectional relationship. It is time for specific recommendations on routine assessment and the management of sleep disorders in patients with mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Eur Neurol 2015; 74 (1–2): 43-48
- 42 Lin L, Huang Q-X, Yang S-S, Chu J, Wang J-Z, Tian Q. Melatonin in Alzheimer's disease. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14 (07) 14575-14593
- 43 Drijgers RL, Aalten P, Winogrodzka A, Verhey FR, Leentjens AF. Pharmacological treatment of apathy in neurodegenerative diseases: a systematic review. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2009; 28 (01) 13-22
- 44 Livingston G, Kelly L, Lewis-Holmes E. , et al. Non-pharmacological interventions for agitation in dementia: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Br J Psychiatry 2014; 205 (06) 436-442
- 45 Kales HC, Gitlin LN, Lyketsos CG. Assessment and management of behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia. BMJ 2015; 350: h369
- 46 Azermai M. Dealing with behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia: a general overview. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2015; 8: 181-185
- 47 Porsteinsson AP, Drye LT, Pollock BG. , et al; CitAD Research Group. Effect of citalopram on agitation in Alzheimer disease: the CitAD randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2014; 311 (07) 682-691
- 48 Hesdorffer DC, Hauser WA, Annegers JF, Kokmen E, Rocca WA. Dementia and adult-onset unprovoked seizures. Neurology 1996; 46 (03) 727-730
- 49 Shiozaki K, Kajihara S. Anti-epileptic drugs improved serial 7s scores on the mini-mental state examination in elderly with cognitive impairment and epileptiform discharge on electroencephalography. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19 (01) 38-45
- 50 Burke WJ, Miller JP, Rubin EH. , et al. Reliability of the Washington University clinical dementia rating. Arch Neurol 1988; 45 (01) 31-32
- 51 AAN summary of evidence-based guideline for clinicians. Update: evaluation and management of driving risk in dementia. Available at: https://www.aan.com/Guidelines/home/GetGuidelineContent/397 . Accessed August 19, 2018
- 52 Connors MH, Ames D, Boundy K. , et al. Predictors of mortality in dementia: the PRIME study. J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 52 (03) 967-974
- 53 Oveisgharan S, Buchman AS, Yu L. , et al. APOE ε2ε4 genotype, incident AD and MCI, cognitive decline, and AD pathology in older adults. Neurology 2018; 90 (24) e2127-e2134
- 54 Jayadev S, Steinbart EJ, Chi YY, Kukull WA, Schellenberg GD, Bird TD. Conjugal Alzheimer disease: risk in children when both parents have Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 2008; 65 (03) 373-378