Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Silyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines via Copper(I) Hydride Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines

Qing-Feng Xu-Xu; Pusu Yang; Xiao Zhang; Shu-Li You

doi:10.1055/s-0040-1707134

Synlett, Table of Contents

Synlett 2021; 32(05): 505-510
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707134

cluster

The Power of Transition Metals: An Unending Well-Spring of New Reactivity

Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Silyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines via Copper(I) Hydride Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrosilylation of 1,2-Dihydroquinolines

Authors

Qing-Feng Xu-Xu
Pusu Yang
Xiao Zhang
Shu-Li You ∗

Abstract

All articles of this category

Dedicated to Prof. Barry M. Trost

Abstract

C–Si bonds were constructed by utilizing copper hydride-catalyzed asymmetric hydrosilylation of 1,2-dihydroquinolines, affording various chiral 4-silyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines in good yields and enantioselectivity. In addition, the C–Si bonds were transformed into C–O bonds with retention of stereochemistry through the Tamao oxidation, giving a series of useful 4-hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines. This method with the enantioselective introduction of silyl groups provides an option to adjust bioactive properties of tetrahydroquinolines.

Key words

1,2-dihydroquinoline - 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline - copper hydride - asymmetric catalysis - hydrosilylation - dearomatization

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References

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25 Methyl (R)-4-(Diphenylsilyl)-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxylate (2a): Yield: 64.1 mg (86%); colorless oil; 87% ee [Daicel Chiralpak OD-H (0.46 cm × 25 cm), n-hexane/2-propanol = 90/10, v = 0.7 mL·min^–1, λ = 230 nm, t _R (major) = 12.59 min, t _R (minor) = 10.58 min]; [α]_D ²⁸ = +18.9 (c = 1.0, CHCl₃). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.65–7.50 (m, 1 H), 7.50–7.44 (m, 2 H), 7.44–7.35 (m, 4 H), 7.35–7.26 (m, 4 H), 7.12–7.05 (m, 1 H), 6.92–6.85 (m, 2 H), 4.92 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1 H), 3.93 (dt, J = 12.4, 6.4 Hz, 1 H), 3.65 (s, 3 H), 3.31 (dt, J = 12.0, 6.0 Hz, 1 H), 2.99 (td, J = 6.8, 3.2 Hz, 1 H), 2.24–2.06 (m, 2 H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 155.1, 138.1, 135.7, 135.6, 132.6, 132.5, 131.7, 130.0, 129.9, 128.5, 128.2, 128.1, 125.2, 124.7, 123.8, 52.8, 44.2, 26.2, 25.7. IR (thin film): 3057, 3010, 2945, 2123, 1699, 1587, 1487, 1435, 1377, 1329, 1249, 1193, 1113, 1048, 803, 736, 698, 582, 481, 434 cm^–1. HRMS (ESI): m/z [M + Na]⁺ calcd for C₂₃H₂₃NNaO₂Si: 396.1390; found: 396.1390.
26 General Procedure A: An oven-dried 10 mL screw-cap reaction tube with magnetic stir bar was charged with copper acetate (1.8 mg, 0.010 mmol, 5.0 mol%), (R,R)-Ph-BPE (5.6 mg, 0.011 mmol, 5.5 mol%) and tri(p-tolyl)phosphine (6.7 mg, 0.022 mmol, 11 mol%). It was evacuated and backfilled with argon three times. Diphenylsilane (111 μL, 0.6 mmol) was added by using a syringe and the resulting mixture was premixed for 30 min at 30 °C on a heating block. To the resulting orange mixture, 1,2-dihydroquinoline 1 (0.2 mmol) was added under argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 36 h at 40 °C on a heating block. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (20 mL), then the organic phase was allowed to pass through a short pad of silica gel with extra ethyl acetate (20 mL) as eluent. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the crude mixture was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 100:1 to 40:1, v/v) or preparative TLC (PE/EtOAc = 40:1, v/v) affording product 2.
27 General Procedure B: An oven-dried 10 mL screw-cap reaction tube with magnetic stir bar was charged with copper acetate (1.8 mg, 0.010 mmol, 5.0 mol%), (R,R)-Ph-BPE (5.6 mg, 0.011 mmol, 5.5 mol%) and tri(p-tolyl)phosphine (6.7 mg, 0.022 mmol, 11 mol%). It was evacuated and backfilled with argon for three times. Phenylsilane (74 μL, 0.6 mmol) was added by using a syringe and the resulting mixture was premixed at r.t. for 5 min. To the resulting orange mixture, 1,2-dihydroquinoline 1 (0.2 mmol) was added under argon atmosphere. The mixture was stirred for 36 h at 40 °C on a heating block. The volatiles were removed in vacuo with an oil pump at room temperature and the crude product was used for the next step without further purification. To a 25 mL Schlenk tube were added potassium fluoride (46.5 mg, 0.8 mmol), K₂EDTA·(H₂O)₂ (80.9 mg, 0.2 mmol) and potassium bicarbonate (80.1 mg, 0.8 mmol) and the tube was evacuated and backfilled with argon for three times. The crude product was dissolved in THF (1 mL) and transferred to the Schlenk tube by using a syringe. The residue was further rinsed with THF (0.1 mL × 2) and added to the tube. To the resulting mixture was added methanol (1.2 mL) dropwise and gas was released. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 40 min, then hydrogen peroxide (0.23 g, 27% w/w in water, 1.8 mmol) was added and the suspension was stirred at room temperature for 20 h. The reaction was quenched with sodium thiosulfate (0.85 g, 5.4 mmol) with extra methanol (2 mL). After peroxide residue was quenched completely as indicated by starch-iodine indicator paper, the mixture was diluted by ethyl acetate (5 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered by glass-sintered filter, rinsed with extra ethyl acetate (20 mL) and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by silica gel column chromatography (PE/EtOAc = 10:1 to 2:1, v/v) or preparative TLC (PE/EtOAc = 2:1, v/v) afford product 3.
28 Methyl (R)-4-Hydroxy-3,4-dihydroquinoline-1(2H)-carboxylate (3a): Yield: 26.0 mg (63%); colorless oil; 89% ee [Daicel Chiralpak IG (0.46 cm × 25 cm), n-hexane/2-propanol = 95:5, v = 1.0 mL·min^–1, λ = 230 nm, t _R (major) = 36.31 min, t _R (minor) = 33.64 min]; [α]_D ²¹ = +25.6 (c = 1.0, CHCl₃). ¹H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 7.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1 H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 7.26 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1 H), 7.09 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1 H), 4.80–4.70 (m, 1 H), 4.07 (dt, J = 13.2, 5.2 Hz, 1 H), 3.79 (s, 3 H), 3.64 (ddd, J = 13.6, 10.0, 4.4 Hz, 1 H), 2.18 (s, 1 H), 2.14–1.93 (m, 2 H). ¹³C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl₃): δ = 155.1, 137.4, 130.8, 128.4, 128.3, 124.0, 123.4, 65.8, 53.1, 40.7, 31.9. IR (thin film): 3399, 2953, 1681, 1605, 1581, 1490, 1439, 1377, 1331, 1245, 1217, 1192, 1134, 1083, 1054, 1037, 1021, 976, 943, 911, 865, 821, 756, 702, 591, 560, 530, 491 cm^–1. HRMS (ESI): m/z [M + Na]⁺ calcd for C₁₁H₁₃NNaO₃: 230.0788; found: 230.0791.
29 CCDC 1996641 contains the supplementary crystallographic data for compound 4. The data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/getstructures.

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