Synthesis 2020; 52(21): 3095-3110
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707149
review
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Introduction of Carbon Substituents into Nitroarenes via Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen: New Developments

Rafał Loska
,
Mieczysław Mąkosza
Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland   Email: rafal.loska@icho.edu.pl   Email: mieczyslaw.makosza@icho.edu.pl
› Author Affiliations
Further Information

Publication History

Received: 06 April 2020

Accepted after revision: 12 May 2020

Publication Date:
18 June 2020 (online)


Abstract

Nucleophilic substitution of hydrogen in nitroarenes has become a powerful synthetic tool for functionalization of these important organic substrates, complementary to other modern methods. In this review we present new developments in the area of introduction of alkyl and functionalized alkyl substituents into nitroarene rings via nucleo­philic substitution of hydrogen, followed by application of these processes in the construction of carbo- and heterocyclic rings. Finally, new developments in the investigation of the mechanism of SNArH are summarized.

1 Introduction

2 Alkylation and Haloalkylation

3 Functionalized Carbon Substituents

4 Formation of Carbo- and Heterocyclic Rings

5 Mechanistic Aspects of SNArH

6 Conclusion