Synthesis 2021; 53(01): 175-181
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1707230
paper
© Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York

Simple Synthesis of Dimethyl Nitrobenzhydrylphosphonates and Heteroarylnitroarylacetonitriles via Vicarious Nucleophilic Substitution (VNS) Reaction

Mieczysław Mąkosza
Institute of Organic Chemistry Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warszawa, Poland   eMail: icho-s@icho.edu.pl
,
Małgorzata Bechcicka
,
Krzysztof Wojciechowski
› Institutsangaben
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Publikationsverlauf

Received: 28. Mai 2020

Accepted after revision: 30. Juni 2020

Publikationsdatum:
25. August 2020 (online)


Abstract

Acetals of dimethyl phenyl- and heteroaryl-α-hydroxymethanephosphonates were deprotonated to generate carbanions, which enter the vicarious nucleophilic substitution (VNS) of hydrogen in aromatic nitro compounds to form 4-nitrobenzhydrylphosphonates and α-heteroaryl-4-nitrobenzylphosphonates. Similarly acetals of cyano­hydrins of heteroaromatic aldehydes (furfural and 2-formylthiophene) react to form heteroaryl 4-nitroarylacetonitriles. The anion of the hemiacetal of acetaldehyde is an efficient leaving group in the base-induced β-elimination step – the crucial step in the VNS reaction. The reaction selectively occurred at the para-position to the nitro group.

Supporting Information