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J Neurol Surg B Skull Base 2022; 83(01): 066-075
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1716673
Original Article

Size Matters: Rethinking of the Sizing Classification of Pituitary Adenomas Based on the Rates of Surgery: A Multi-institutional Retrospective Study of 29,651 Patients

Abhiraj D. Bhimani 
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
2   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
,
Alexander J. Schupper
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
,
Gregory D. Arnone
3   Department of Neurosurgery, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States
,
Deeksha Chada
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
,
Anisse N. Chaker
2   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
,
Nicki Mohammadi
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
,
Costas G. Hadjipanayis
1   Department of Neurosurgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States
,
Ankit I. Mehta
2   Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States
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Abstract

Objective Pituitary adenomas are historically classified into microadenoma or macroadenomas based on size less than or greater than/equal to 1c m. “Giant” adenomas describe tumors ≥4 cm. The aim of this study is to present an evidence-based approach to size classification based on national trends.

Design The design involved is multi-institutional retrospective study.

Participants A total of 29,651 patients were studied from National Cancer Institute's SEER program from 2004 to 2016 across the United States.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures include demographics, treatment characteristics, and overall survival in the population.

Results At the 20-mm threshold, the likelihood of operation exceeds the likelihood of nonoperative management. Patients with adenoma size 1 to 19 mm had significantly longer overall survival compared with 20 to 50 mm (Log rank: p < 0.0001). No survival difference was found between size 20 to 29 mm and larger. There was no significant difference in the rate of surgery between 30 to 39 mm and 40 to 50 mm tumors(p = 0.5035). Surgery group had a higher overall survival compared with nonsurgically managed patients (Log rank: p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Microadenoma has classically been used to describe pituitary tumors less than 1 cm, though no clinical significance of this threshold has been demonstrated. The current study suggests a size cut-off of 20 or 30 mm as more clinically relevant. Still, future studies are warranted to examine the significance of this classification by specific tumor type, and subclassified as appropriate. There is no difference in the rate of surgery or survival for adenomas between 30 and 50 mm, challenging the 4-mm cutoff threshold for “giant” adenoma.

Keywords

pituitary adenoma - giant adenoma - macroadenoma - microadenoma - surgery - SEER


Publication History

Received: 15 March 2020

Accepted: 03 August 2020

Article published online:
10 September 2020

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