S2k-Leitlinie Qualitätsanforderungen in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie, AWMF Register Nr. 021–022

U. Denzer; U. Beilenhoff; A. Eickhoff; S. Faiss; P. Hüttl; S. In der Smitten; R. Jakobs; C. Jenssen; M. Keuchel; F. Langer; M. M. Lerch; P. Lynen Jansen; A. May; R. Menningen; G. Moog; T. Rösch; U. Rosien; T. Vowinkel; T. Wehrmann; U. Weickert

doi:10.1055/s-0041-109598

Zeitschrift für Gastroenterologie, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Z Gastroenterol 2015; 53(12): E1-E227
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-109598

Leitlinie

S2k-Leitlinie Qualitätsanforderungen in der gastrointestinalen Endoskopie, AWMF Register Nr. 021–022

Erstauflage 2015S2k guideline: quality requirements for gastrointestinal endoscopy, AWMF registry no. 021–022

U. Denzer

¹Klinik und Poliklinik für Interdisziplinäre Endoskopie, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg

,

U. Beilenhoff

²DEGEA, Ulm

,

A. Eickhoff

³Medizinische Klinik II, Gastroenterologie und Infektiologie, Klinikum Hanau, Hanau

,

S. Faiss

⁴Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, Hamburg

,

P. Hüttl

⁵Dr. Heberer & Kollegen, München

,

S. In der Smitten

⁶DCCV, Berlin

,

R. Jakobs

⁷Med. Klinik C, Klinikum der Stadt Ludwigshafen, Ludwigshafen

,

C. Jenssen

⁸Krankenhaus Märkisch Oderland GmbH, Klinik für Innere Medizin, Strausberg

,

M. Keuchel

⁹Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bethesda Krankenhaus Bergedorf, Hamburg

,

F. Langer

¹⁰II. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Onkologisches Zentrum, Hubertus Wald Tumorzentrum, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg

,

M. M. Lerch

¹¹Klinik für Innere Medizin A, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald

,

P. Lynen Jansen

¹²DGVS, Berlin

,

A. May

¹³Medizinische Klinik II/IV, Sana Klinikum, Offenbach

,

R. Menningen

¹⁴Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum, Münster

,

G. Moog

¹⁵Gastroenterologische Facharztpraxis, Kassel

,

T. Rösch

¹⁶Medizinischen Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus, Hamburg

,

U. Rosien

¹⁷FB Gastroenterologie, DKD Helios-Klinik, Wiesbaden

,

T. Vowinkel

¹⁴Klinik für Allgemein- und Viszeralchirurgie, Universitätsklinikum, Münster

,

T. Wehrmann

¹⁸Medizinischen Klinik II. Klinikum am Gesundbrunnen, Heilbronn

,

U. Weickert

¹⁸Medizinischen Klinik II. Klinikum am Gesundbrunnen, Heilbronn

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607 Harewood GC, Sharma VK, de Garmo P. Impact of colonoscopy preparation quality on detection of suspected colonic neoplasia. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2003; 58: 76-79
608 Froehlich F, Wietlisbach V, Gonvers JJ et al. Impact of colonic cleansing on quality and diagnostic yield of colonoscopy: the European Panel of Appropriateness of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy European multicenter study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2005; 61: 378-384
609 Adler A, Wegscheider K, Lieberman D et al. Factors determining the quality of screening colonoscopy: a prospective study on adenoma detection rates, from 12,134 examinations (Berlin colonoscopy project 3, BECOP-3). Gut 2013; 62: 236-241
610 Jover R, Zapater P, Polania E et al. Modifiable endoscopic factors that influence the adenoma detection rate in colorectal cancer screening colonoscopies. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013; 77: 381-389.e381
611 Lai EJ, Calderwood AH, Doros G et al. The Boston bowel preparation scale: a valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2009; 69: 620-625
612 Kim EJ, Park YI, Kim YS et al. A Korean experience of the use of Boston bowel preparation scale: A valid and reliable instrument for colonoscopy-oriented research. Saudi journal of gastroenterology: official journal of the Saudi Gastroenterology Association 2014; 20: 219-224
613 Aslinia F, Uradomo L, Steele A et al. Quality assessment of colonoscopic cecal intubation: an analysis of 6 years of continuous practice at a university hospital. The American journal of gastroenterology 2006; 101: 721-731
614 Bowles CJ, Leicester R, Romaya C et al. A prospective study of colonoscopy practice in the UK today: are we adequately prepared for national colorectal cancer screening tomorrow?. Gut 2004; 53: 277-283
615 Bernstein C, Thorn M, Monsees K et al. A prospective study of factors that determine cecal intubation time at colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2005; 61: 72-75
616 Kim WH, Cho YJ, Park JY et al. Factors affecting insertion time and patient discomfort during colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2000; 52: 600-605
617 Nelson DB, McQuaid KR, Bond JH et al. Procedural success and complications of large-scale screening colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2002; 55: 307-314
618 Gupta M, Holub JL, Eisen G. Do indication and demographics for colonoscopy affect completion? A large national database evaluation. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2010; 22: 620-627
619 Calderwood AH, Jacobson BC. Comprehensive validation of the Boston Bowel Preparation Scale. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010; 72: 686-692
620 Gerard DP, Foster DB, Raiser MW et al. Validation of a new bowel preparation scale for measuring colon cleansing for colonoscopy: the chicago bowel preparation scale. Clinical and translational gastroenterology 2013; 4: e43
621 Halphen M, Heresbach D, Gruss HJ et al. Validation of the Harefield Cleansing Scale: a tool for the evaluation of bowel cleansing quality in both research and clinical practice. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013; 78: 121-131
622 Rostom A, Jolicoeur E. Validation of a new scale for the assessment of bowel preparation quality. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2004; 59: 482-486
623 Mahadev S, Green PH, Lebwohl B. Rates of Suboptimal Preparation for Colonoscopy Differ Markedly Between Providers: Impact on Adenoma Detection Rates. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2014; 49: 746-750
624 Clark BT, Rustagi T, Laine L. What Level of Bowel Prep Quality Requires Early Repeat Colonoscopy: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Preparation Quality on Adenoma Detection Rate. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014; 109: 1714-1723
625 Jang JY, Chun HJ. Bowel preparations as quality indicators for colonoscopy. World journal of gastroenterology 2014; 20: 2746-2750
626 Kaminski MF, Regula J, Kraszewska E et al. Quality indicators for colonoscopy and the risk of interval cancer. The New England journal of medicine 2010; 362: 1795-1803
627 Regula J, Rupinski M, Kraszewska E et al. Colonoscopy in colorectal-cancer screening for detection of advanced neoplasia. The New England journal of medicine 2006; 355: 1863-1872
628 Malila N, Senore C, Armaroli P. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition – Organisation. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (Suppl. 03) e31-e48
629 Valori R, Rey JF, Atkin WS et al. European guidelines for quality assurance in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. First Edition – Quality assurance in endoscopy in colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (Suppl. 03) 88-105
630 Gomez V, Wallace MB. Training and teaching innovations in colonoscopy. Gastroenterology clinics of North America 2013; 42: 659-670
631 Sedlack RE, Coyle WJ, Obstein KL et al. ASGE’s assessment of competency in endoscopy evaluation tools for colonoscopy and EGD. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2014; 79: 1-7
632 Sedlack RE. Training to competency in colonoscopy: assessing and defining competency standards. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 74: 355-366.e351-352
633 Sedlack RE, Shami VM, Adler DG et al. Colonoscopy core curriculum. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2012; 76: 482-490
634 Shahidi N, Ou G, Telford J et al. Establishing the learning curve for achieving competency in performing colonoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2014; 80: 410-416
635 Spier BJ, Benson M, Pfau PR et al. Colonoscopy training in gastroenterology fellowships: determining competence. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010; 71: 319-324
636 Walsh CM, Ling SC, Khanna N et al. Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Competency Assessment Tool: development of a procedure-specific assessment tool for colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2014; 79: 798-807.e795
637 Gromski MA, Miller CA, Lee SH et al. Trainees’ adenoma detection rate is higher if ≥10 minutes is spent on withdrawal during colonoscopy. Surgical endoscopy 2012; 26: 1337-1342
638 Buchner AM, Shahid MW, Heckman MG et al. Trainee participation is associated with increased small adenoma detection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 73: 1223-1231
639 Bhangu A, Bowley DM, Horner R et al. Volume and accreditation, but not specialty, affect quality standards in colonoscopy. The British journal of surgery 2012; 99: 1436-1444
640 Ko CW, Dominitz JA, Green P et al. Specialty differences in polyp detection, removal, and biopsy during colonoscopy. The American journal of medicine 2010; 123: 528-535
641 Dafnis G, Granath F, Pahlman L et al. Patient factors influencing the completion rate in colonoscopy. Digestive and liver disease: official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2005; 37: 113-118
642 Harris JK, Froehlich F, Wietlisbach V et al. Factors associated with the technical performance of colonoscopy: An EPAGE Study. Digestive and liver disease: official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2007; 39: 678-689
643 Kolber MR, Wong CK, Fedorak RN et al. Prospective Study of the Quality of Colonoscopies Performed by Primary Care Physicians: The Alberta Primary Care Endoscopy (APC-Endo) Study. PloS one 2013; 8: e67017
644 Nagrath N, Phull PS. Variation in caecal intubation rates between screening and symptomatic patients. United European gastroenterology journal 2014; 2: 295-300
645 Radaelli F, Meucci G, Sgroi G et al. Technical performance of colonoscopy: the key role of sedation/analgesia and other quality indicators. The American journal of gastroenterology 2008; 103: 1122-1130
646 Shah HA, Paszat LF, Saskin R et al. Factors associated with incomplete colonoscopy: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 2297-2303
647 Rabeneck L, Paszat LF, Hilsden RJ et al. Bleeding and perforation after outpatient colonoscopy and their risk factors in usual clinical practice. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1899-1906, 1906.e1891
648 Singh H, Penfold RB, DeCoster C et al. Colonoscopy and its complications across a Canadian regional health authority. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2009; 69: 665-671
649 Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Doughty AS et al. Colonoscopic withdrawal times and adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. The New England journal of medicine 2006; 355: 2533-2541
650 Barclay RL, Vicari JJ, Greenlaw RL. Effect of a time-dependent colonoscopic withdrawal protocol on adenoma detection during screening colonoscopy. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2008; 6: 1091-1098
651 Butterly L, Robinson CM, Anderson JC et al. Serrated and adenomatous polyp detection increases with longer withdrawal time: results from the New Hampshire Colonoscopy Registry. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014; 109: 417-426
652 Gellad ZF, Weiss DG, Ahnen DJ et al. Colonoscopy withdrawal time and risk of neoplasia at 5 years: results from VA Cooperative Studies Program 380. The American journal of gastroenterology 2010; 105: 1746-1752
653 Lee RH, Tang RS, Muthusamy VR et al. Quality of colonoscopy withdrawal technique and variability in adenoma detection rates (with videos). Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 74: 128-134
654 Lee TJ, Blanks RG, Rees CJ et al. Longer mean colonoscopy withdrawal time is associated with increased adenoma detection: evidence from the Bowel Cancer Screening Programme in England. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 20-26
655 Lee TJ, Rees CJ, Blanks RG et al. Colonoscopic factors associated with adenoma detection in a national colorectal cancer screening program. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 203-211
656 Lin OS, Kozarek RA, Arai A et al. The effect of periodic monitoring and feedback on screening colonoscopy withdrawal times, polyp detection rates, and patient satisfaction scores. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010; 71: 1253-1259
657 Moritz V, Bretthauer M, Ruud HK et al. Withdrawal time as a quality indicator for colonoscopy – a nationwide analysis. Endoscopy 2012; 44: 476-481
658 Overholt BF, Brooks-Belli L, Grace M et al. Withdrawal times and associated factors in colonoscopy: a quality assurance multicenter assessment. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2010; 44: e80-e86
659 Sawhney MS, Cury MS, Neeman N et al. Effect of institution-wide policy of colonoscopy withdrawal time > or = 7 minutes on polyp detection. Gastroenterology 2008; 135: 1892-1898
660 Simmons DT, Harewood GC, Baron TH et al. Impact of endoscopist withdrawal speed on polyp yield: implications for optimal colonoscopy withdrawal time. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2006; 24: 965-971
661 Taber A, Romagnuolo J. Effect of simply recording colonoscopy withdrawal time on polyp and adenoma detection rates. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010; 71: 782-786
662 Lee TJ, Rutter MD, Blanks RG et al. Colonoscopy quality measures: experience from the NHS Bowel Cancer Screening Programme. Gut 2012; 61: 1050-1057
663 Millan MS, Gross P, Manilich E et al. Adenoma detection rate: the real indicator of quality in colonoscopy. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2008; 51: 1217-1220
664 Baxter NN, Sutradhar R, Forbes SS et al. Analysis of administrative data finds endoscopist quality measures associated with postcolonoscopy colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2011; 140: 65-72
665 Baxter NN, Goldwasser MA, Paszat LF et al. Association of colonoscopy and death from colorectal cancer. Annals of internal medicine 2009; 150: 1-8
666 Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM et al. Protection from colorectal cancer after colonoscopy: a population-based, case-control study. Annals of internal medicine 2011; 154: 22-30
667 Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Seiler CM et al. Interval cancers after negative colonoscopy: population-based case-control study. Gut 2012; 61: 1576-1582
668 Brenner H, Chang-Claude J, Jansen L et al. Role of colonoscopy and polyp characteristics in colorectal cancer after colonoscopic polyp detection: a population-based case-control study. Annals of internal medicine 2012; 157: 225-232
669 Bressler B, Paszat LF, Vinden C et al. Colonoscopic miss rates for right-sided colon cancer: a population-based analysis. Gastroenterology 2004; 127: 452-456
670 Bressler B, Paszat LF, Chen Z et al. Rates of new or missed colorectal cancers after colonoscopy and their risk factors: a population-based analysis. Gastroenterology 2007; 132: 96-102
671 Corley DA, Jensen CD, Marks AR et al. Adenoma detection rate and risk of colorectal cancer and death. The New England journal of medicine 2014; 370: 1298-1306
672 Farrar WD, Sawhney MS, Nelson DB et al. Colorectal cancers found after a complete colonoscopy. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2006; 4: 1259-1264
673 Imperiale TF, Glowinski EA, Lin-Cooper C et al. Five-year risk of colorectal neoplasia after negative screening colonoscopy. The New England journal of medicine 2008; 359: 1218-1224
674 Leaper M, Johnston MJ, Barclay M et al. Reasons for failure to diagnose colorectal carcinoma at colonoscopy. Endoscopy 2004; 36: 499-503
675 Pabby A, Schoen RE, Weissfeld JL et al. Analysis of colorectal cancer occurrence during surveillance colonoscopy in the dietary Polyp Prevention Trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2005; 61: 385-391
676 Pohl H, Robertson DJ. Colorectal cancers detected after colonoscopy frequently result from missed lesions. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2010; 8: 858-864
677 Robertson DJ, Lieberman DA, Winawer SJ et al. Colorectal cancers soon after colonoscopy: a pooled multicohort analysis. Gut 2014; 63: 949-956
678 Samadder NJ, Curtin K, Tuohy TM et al. Characteristics of missed or interval colorectal cancer and patient survival: a population-based study. Gastroenterology 2014; 146: 950-960
679 Singh H, Turner D, Xue L et al. Risk of developing colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy examination: evidence for a 10-year interval between colonoscopies. Journal of the American Medical Association 2006; 295: 2366-2373
680 Singh H, Nugent Z, Mahmud SM et al. Predictors of colorectal cancer after negative colonoscopy: a population-based study. The American journal of gastroenterology 2010; 105: 663-673 ; quiz 674
681 Singh S, Singh PP, Murad MH et al. Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Interval Colorectal Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014; 109: 1375-1389
682 Borsch G, Schmidt G. Endoscopy of the terminal ileum. Diagnostic yield in 400 consecutive examinations. Diseases of the colon and rectum 1985; 28: 499-501
683 Jeong SH, Lee KJ, Kim YB et al. Diagnostic value of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology 2008; 23: 51-55
684 Kundrotas LW, Clement DJ, Kubik CM et al. A prospective evaluation of successful terminal ileum intubation during routine colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 1994; 40: 544-546
685 Wijewantha HS, de Silva AP, Niriella MA et al. Usefulness of Routine Terminal Ileoscopy and Biopsy during Colonoscopy in a Tropical Setting: A Retrospective Record-Based Study. Gastroenterology research and practice 2014; 2014: 343849
686 Ansari A, Soon SY, Saunders BP et al. A prospective study of the technical feasibility of ileoscopy at colonoscopy. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2003; 38: 1184-1186
687 Bhasin DK, Goenka MK, Dhavan S et al. Diagnostic value of ileoscopy: a report from India. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2000; 31: 144-146
688 Cherian S, Singh P. Is routine ileoscopy useful? An observational study of procedure times, diagnostic yield, and learning curve. The American journal of gastroenterology 2004; 99: 2324-2329
689 Kennedy G, Larson D, Wolff B et al. Routine ileal intubation during screening colonoscopy: a useful maneuver?. Surgical endoscopy 2008; 22: 2606-2608
690 Marshall JB, Barthel JS. The frequency of total colonoscopy and terminal ileal intubation in the 1990s. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 1993; 39: 518-520
691 Yoong KK, Heymann T. It is not worthwhile to perform ileoscopy on all patients. Surgical endoscopy 2006; 20: 809-811
692 Harewood GC, Mattek NC, Holub JL et al. Variation in practice of ileal intubation among diverse endoscopy settings: results from a national endoscopic database. Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2005; 22: 571-578
693 Hsieh YH, Koo M, Leung FW. A patient-blinded randomized, controlled trial comparing air insufflation, water immersion, and water exchange during minimally sedated colonoscopy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2014; 109: 1390-1400
694 Cadoni S, Gallittu P, Sanna S et al. A two-center randomized controlled trial of water-aided colonoscopy versus air insufflation colonoscopy. Endoscopy 2014; 46: 212-218
695 Cadoni S, Sanna S, Gallittu P et al. A randomized, controlled trial comparing real-time insertion pain during colonoscopy confirmed water exchange to be superior to water immersion in enhancing patient comfort. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015; 81: 557-566
696 Fischer LS, Lumsden A, Leung FW. Water exchange method for colonoscopy: learning curve of an experienced colonoscopist in a U. S. community practice setting. Journal of interventional gastroenterology 2012; 2: 128-132
697 Hsieh YH, Tseng KC, Hsieh JJ et al. Feasibility of colonoscopy with water infusion in minimally sedated patients in an Asian Community Setting. Journal of interventional gastroenterology 2011; 1: 185-190
698 Leung F, Cheung R, Fan R et al. The water exchange method for colonoscopy-effect of coaching. Journal of interventional gastroenterology 2012; 2: 122-125
699 Leung FW, Amato A, Ell C et al. Water-aided colonoscopy: a systematic review. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2012; 76: 657-666
700 Leung J, Mann S, Siao-Salera R et al. Indigocarmine added to the water exchange method enhances adenoma detection – a RCT. Journal of interventional gastroenterology 2012; 2: 106-111
701 Leung JW, Siao-Salera R, Abramyan O et al. Impact of water exchange colonoscopy on serum sodium and potassium levels: an observational study. Digestive diseases and sciences 2014; 59: 653-657
702 Luo H, Zhang L, Liu X et al. Water exchange enhanced cecal intubation in potentially difficult colonoscopy. Unsedated patients with prior abdominal or pelvic surgery: a prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013; 77: 767-773
703 Ngo C, Leung JW, Mann SK et al. Interim report of a randomized cross-over study comparing clinical performance of novice trainee endoscopists using conventional air insufflation versus warm water infusion colonoscopy. Journal of interventional gastroenterology 2012; 2: 135-139
704 Wang X, Luo H, Xiang Y et al. Left-colon water exchange preserves the benefits of whole colon water exchange at reduced cecal intubation time conferring significant advantage in diagnostic colonoscopy – a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50: 916-923
705 Yen AW, Leung JW, Leung FW. A novel method with significant impact on adenoma detection: combined water-exchange and cap-assisted colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013; 77: 944-948
706 Amato A, Radaelli F, Paggi S et al. Carbon dioxide insufflation or warm-water infusion versus standard air insufflation for unsedated colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial. Diseases of the colon and rectum 2013; 56: 511-518
707 Asai S, Fujimoto N, Tanoue K et al. Water immersion colonoscopy facilitates straight passage of the colonoscope through the sigmoid colon without loop formation: Randomized controlled trial. Digestive endoscopy: official journal of the Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society 2015; 27: 345-353
708 Falt P, Smajstrla V, Fojtik P et al. Cool water vs. warm water immersion for minimal sedation colonoscopy: a double-blind randomized trial. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2013; 15: e612-e617
709 Garborg K, Kaminski MF, Lindenburger W et al. Water exchange versus carbon dioxide insufflation in unsedated colonoscopy: a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Endoscopy 2015; 47: 192-199
710 Jun WU, Bing HU. Comparative effectiveness of water infusion vs. air insufflation in colonoscopy: a meta-analysis. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2013; 15: 404-409
711 Denis B, Sauleau EA, Gendre I et al. The mean number of adenomas per procedure should become the gold standard to measure the neoplasia yield of colonoscopy: a population-based cohort study. Digestive and liver disease: official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 2014; 46: 176-181
712 Greenspan M, Rajan KB, Baig A et al. Advanced adenoma detection rate is independent of nonadvanced adenoma detection rate. The American journal of gastroenterology 2013; 108: 1286-1292
713 Loberg M, Kalager M, Holme O et al. Long-term colorectal-cancer mortality after adenoma removal. The New England journal of medicine 2014; 371: 799-807
714 Gotfried J, Bernstein M, Ehrlich AC et al. Administrative Database Research Overestimates the Rate of Interval Colon Cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2015; 49: 483-490
715 Barret M, Boustiere C, Canard JM et al. Factors associated with adenoma detection rate and diagnosis of polyps and colorectal cancer during colonoscopy in France: results of a prospective, nationwide survey. PloS one 2013; 8: e68947
716 Bretagne JF, Hamonic S, Piette C et al. Variations between endoscopists in rates of detection of colorectal neoplasia and their impact on a regional screening program based on colonoscopy after fecal occult blood testing. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2010; 71: 335-341
717 Imperiale TF, Glowinski EA, Juliar BE et al. Variation in polyp detection rates at screening colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2009; 69: 1288-1295
718 Adler A, Roll S, Marowski B et al. Appropriateness of colonoscopy in the era of colorectal cancer screening: a prospective, multicenter study in a private-practice setting (Berlin Colonoscopy Project 1, BECOP 1). Diseases of the colon and rectum 2007; 50: 1628-1638
719 Anderson JC, Butterly LF, Goodrich M et al. Differences in detection rates of adenomas and serrated polyps in screening versus surveillance colonoscopies, based on the new hampshire colonoscopy registry. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2013; 11: 1308-1312
720 Chey WD, Nojkov B, Rubenstein JH et al. The yield of colonoscopy in patients with non-constipated irritable bowel syndrome: results from a prospective, controlled US trial. The American journal of gastroenterology 2010; 105: 859-865
721 de Bosset V, Froehlich F, Rey JP et al. Do explicit appropriateness criteria enhance the diagnostic yield of colonoscopy?. Endoscopy 2002; 34: 360-368
722 Gupta M, Holub J, Knigge K et al. Constipation is not associated with an increased rate of findings on colonoscopy: results from a national endoscopy consortium. Endoscopy 2010; 42: 208-212
723 Kueh SH, Zhou L, Walmsley RS. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy in patients with isolated abdominal pain. The New Zealand medical journal 2013; 126: 36-44
724 Lasson A, Kilander A, Stotzer PO. Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy based on symptoms. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2008; 43: 356-362
725 Lieberman DA, de Garmo PL, Fleischer DE et al. Colonic neoplasia in patients with nonspecific GI symptoms. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2000; 51: 647-651
726 Minoli G, Meucci G, Bortoli A et al. The ASGE guidelines for the appropriate use of colonoscopy in an open access system. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2000; 52: 39-44
727 Neugut AI, Garbowski GC, Waye JD et al. Diagnostic yield of colorectal neoplasia with colonoscopy for abdominal pain, change in bowel habits, and rectal bleeding. The American journal of gastroenterology 1993; 88: 1179-1183
728 Obusez EC, Lian L, Kariv R et al. Diagnostic yield of colonoscopy for constipation as the sole indication. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2012; 14: 585-591
729 Patel P, Bercik P, Morgan DG et al. Prevalence of organic disease at colonoscopy in patients with symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome: cross-sectional survey. Scand J Gastroenterol 2015; 50: 816-823
730 Pepin C, Ladabaum U. The yield of lower endoscopy in patients with constipation: survey of a university hospital, a public county hospital, and a Veterans Administration medical center. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2002; 56: 325-332
731 Gurudu SR, Ratuapli SK, Leighton JA et al. Adenoma detection rate is not influenced by the timing of colonoscopy when performed in half-day blocks. The American journal of gastroenterology 2011; 106: 1466-1471
732 Lee A, Iskander JM, Gupta N et al. Queue position in the endoscopic schedule impacts effectiveness of colonoscopy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2011; 106: 1457-1465
733 Sanaka MR, Deepinder F, Thota PN et al. Adenomas are detected more often in morning than in afternoon colonoscopy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2009; 104: 1659-1664 ; quiz 1665
734 Freedman JS, Harari DY, Bamji ND et al. The detection of premalignant colon polyps during colonoscopy is stable throughout the workday. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 73: 1197-1206
735 Lurix E, Hernandez AV, Thoma M et al. Adenoma detection rate is not influenced by full-day blocks, time, or modified queue position. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2012; 75: 827-834
736 Thurtle D, Pullinger M, Tsigarides J et al. Colonoscopic polyp detection rate is stable throughout the workday including evening colonoscopy sessions. F1000Research 2014; 3: 107
737 Eun CS, Han DS, Hyun YS et al. The timing of bowel preparation is more important than the timing of colonoscopy in determining the quality of bowel cleansing. Digestive diseases and sciences 2011; 56: 539-544
738 Jimenez Cantisano BG, Hernandez M, Ramirez A et al. The day of the week does not affect the adenoma detection rate. Digestive diseases and sciences 2014; 59: 564-568
739 Cottet V, Jooste V, Fournel I et al. Long-term risk of colorectal cancer after adenoma removal: a population-based cohort study. Gut 2012; 61: 1180-1186
740 Seo JY, Chun J, Lee C et al. Novel risk stratification for recurrence after endoscopic resection of advanced colorectal adenoma. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015; 81: 655-664
741 Stock C, Hoffmeister M, Birkner B et al. Performance of additional colonoscopies and yield of neoplasms within 3 years after screening colonoscopy: a historical cohort study. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 537-546
742 Saini SD, Kim HM, Schoenfeld P. Incidence of advanced adenomas at surveillance colonoscopy in patients with a personal history of colon adenomas: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2006; 64: 614-626
743 Fisher DA, Maple JT, Ben-Menachem T et al. Complications of colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 74: 745-752
744 Niv Y, Hazazi R, Levi Z et al. Screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer in asymptomatic people: a meta-analysis. Digestive diseases and sciences 2008; 53: 3049-3054
745 Adler A, Lieberman D, Aminalai A et al. Data quality of the German screening colonoscopy registry. Endoscopy 2013; 45: 813-818
746 Bokemeyer B, Bock H, Huppe D et al. Screening colonoscopy for colorectal cancer prevention: results from a German online registry on 269000 cases. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2009; 21: 650-655
747 Crispin A, Birkner B, Munte A et al. Process quality and incidence of acute complications in a series of more than 230,000 outpatient colonoscopies. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 1018-1025
748 Eckardt VF, Kanzler G, Schmitt T et al. Complications and adverse effects of colonoscopy with selective sedation. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 1999; 49: 560-565
749 Hagel AF, Boxberger F, Dauth W et al. Colonoscopy-associated perforation: a 7-year survey of in-hospital frequency, treatment and outcome in a German university hospital. Colorectal disease: the official journal of the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland 2012; 14: 1121-1125
750 Pox CP, Altenhofen L, Brenner H et al. Efficacy of a nationwide screening colonoscopy program for colorectal cancer. Gastroenterology 2012; 142: 1460-1467.e1462
751 Sieg A, Hachmoeller-Eisenbach U, Eisenbach T. Prospective evaluation of complications in outpatient GI endoscopy: a survey among German gastroenterologists. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2001; 53: 620-627
752 Stock C, Ihle P, Sieg A et al. Adverse events requiring hospitalization within 30 days after outpatient screening and nonscreening colonoscopies. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2013; 77: 419-429
753 Heldwein W, Dollhopf M, Rosch T et al. The Munich Polypectomy Study (MUPS): prospective analysis of complications and risk factors in 4000 colonic snare polypectomies. Endoscopy 2005; 37: 1116-1122
754 Kang HY, Kang HW, Kim SG et al. Incidence and management of colonoscopic perforations in Korea. Digestion 2008; 78: 218-223
755 Ko CW, Riffle S, Michaels L et al. Serious complications within 30 days of screening and surveillance colonoscopy are uncommon. Clinical gastroenterology and hepatology: the official clinical practice journal of the American Gastroenterological Association 2010; 8: 166-173
756 Niv Y, Gershtansky Y, Kenett RS et al. Complications in colonoscopy: analysis of 7-year physician-reported adverse events. European journal of gastroenterology & hepatology 2011; 23: 492-498
757 Warren JL, Klabunde CN, Mariotto AB et al. Adverse events after outpatient colonoscopy in the Medicare population. Annals of internal medicine 2009; 150: 849-857, w152
758 Zubarik R, Fleischer DE, Mastropietro C et al. Prospective analysis of complications 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 1999; 50: 322-328
759 Zubarik R, Ganguly E, Benway D et al. Procedure-related abdominal discomfort in patients undergoing colorectal cancer screening: a comparison of colonoscopy and flexible sigmoidoscopy. The American journal of gastroenterology 2002; 97: 3056-3061
760 van Rijn JC, Reitsma JB, Stoker J et al. Polyp miss rate determined by tandem colonoscopy: a systematic review. The American journal of gastroenterology 2006; 101: 343-350
761 Konda VCS, Barham K. Abu Dayyeh BK, Hwang JH, Komanduri S, Manfredi MM, Maple JT, Murad FM, Siddiqui UD, Banerjee S. Endoscopes and devices to improve colon polyp detection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015; 81: 1122-1129
762 Subramanian V, Mannath J, Hawkey CJ et al. High definition colonoscopy vs. standard video endoscopy for the detection of colonic polyps: a meta-analysis. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 499-505
763 Dinesen L, Chua TJ, Kaffes AJ. Meta-analysis of narrow-band imaging versus conventional colonoscopy for adenoma detection. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2012; 75: 604-611
764 Omata F, Ohde S, Deshpande GA et al. Image-enhanced, chromo, and cap-assisted colonoscopy for improving adenoma/neoplasia detection rate: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scandinavian journal of gastroenterology 2014; 49: 222-237
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793 Grobe JL, Kozarek RA, Sanowski RA. Colonoscopic retroflexion in the evaluation of rectal disease. The American journal of gastroenterology 1982; 77: 856-858
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797 Varadarajulu S, Ramsey WH. Utility of retroflexion in lower gastrointestinal endoscopy. Journal of clinical gastroenterology 2001; 32: 235-237
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805 Chandran S, Parker F, Vaughan R et al. Right-sided adenoma detection with retroflexion versus forward-view colonoscopy. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2015; 81: 608-613
806 Hewett DG, Rex DK. Miss rate of right-sided colon examination during colonoscopy defined by retroflexion: an observational study. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2011; 74: 246-252
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810 Kim KM, Lee SH, Lee DJ et al. A randomized controlled trial of comparison on time and rate of cecal and termianl Ileal intubation according to adult-colonoscope length: intermediate versus long. Journal of Korean medical science 2014; 29: 98-105
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817 East JE, Suzuki N, Arebi N et al. Position changes improve visibility during colonoscope withdrawal: a randomized, blinded, crossover trial. Gastrointestinal endoscopy 2007; 65: 263-269
818 Ghosh S, Iacucci M. Dynamic position change at colonoscopy improves adenoma detection. Canadian journal of gastroenterology = Journal canadien de gastroenterologie 2013; 27: 508
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1800 D’Onofrio M, De Robertis R, Capelli P et al. Uncommon presentations of common pancreatic neoplasms: a pictorial essay. Abdom Imaging 2015; 40: 1629-1644
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1805 Fusaroli P, Spada A, Mancino MG et al. Contrast harmonic echo-endoscopic ultrasound improves accuracy in diagnosis of solid pancreatic masses. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol 2010; 8: 629-634.e1-e2 Epub 2010 Apr 24
1806 Kitano M, Kudo M, Yamao K et al. Characterization of small solid tumors in the pancreas: the value of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography. Am J Gastroenterol 2012; 107: 303-310 Epub 2011 Oct 18
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1811 Seicean A, Badea R, Stan-Iuga R et al. The added value of real-time harmonics contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography for the characterisation of pancreatic diseases in routine practice. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis 2010; 19: 99-104
1812 Seicean A, Badea R, Stan-Iuga R et al. Quantitative contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography for the discrimination of solid pancreatic masses. Ultraschall in Med 2010; 31: 571-576 Epub 2010 Nov 15
1813 Park JS, Kim HK, Bang BW et al. Effectiveness of contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasound for the evaluation of solid pancreatic masses. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20: 518-524
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1830 Hocke M, Menges M, Topalidis T et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between benign and malignant mediastinal and abdominal lymph nodes. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2008; 134: 473-480 Epub 2007 Sep 19
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1834 Xia Y, Kitano M, Kudo M et al. Gastrointest Endosc. 2010 Characterization of intra-abdominal lesions of undetermined origin by contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2010; 72: 637-642
1835 Yamashita Y, Kato J, Ueda K et al. Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography can predict a higher malignant potential of gastrointestinal stromal tumors by visualizing large newly formed vessels. J Clin Ultrasound 2015; 43: 89-97 Epub 2014 Jul 16
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1837 Choi JH, Seo DW, Choi JH et al. Utility of contrast-enhanced harmonic EUS in the diagnosis of malignant gallbladder polyps (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc 2013; 78: 484-493 Epub 2013 Apr 30
1838 Park CH, Chung MJ, Oh TG et al. Differential diagnosis between gallbladder adenomas and cholesterol polyps on contrast-enhanced harmonic endoscopic ultrasonography. Surg Endosc 2013; 27: 1414-1421 Epub 2012 Dec 12
1839 Wang KX, Ben QW, Jin ZD et al. Assessment of morbidity and mortality associated with EUS-guided FNA: a systematic review. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 73: 283-290
1840 Meister T, Heinzow H, Heinecke A et al. Post-ERCP pancreatitis in 2364 ERCP procedures: is intraductal ultrasonography another risk factor?. Endoscopy 2011; 43: 331-336 Epub 2011 Mar 16
1841 Hirooka Y, Goto H, Itoh A et al. Case of intraductal papillary mucinous tumor in which endosonography-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy caused dissemination. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 18: 1323-1324
1842 Paquin SC, Gariepy G, Lepanto L et al. A first report of tumor seeding because of EUS-guided FNA of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Gastrointest Endosc 2005; 61: 610-611
1843 Chong A, Venugopal K, Segarajasingam D et al. Tumor seeding after EUS-guided FNA of pancreatic tail neoplasia. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 933-935
1844 Ahmed K, Sussman JJ, Wang J et al. A case of EUS-guided FNA-related pancreatic cancer metastasis to the stomach. Gastrointest Endosc 2011; 74: 231-233
1845 Katanuma A, Maguchi H, Hashigo S et al. Tumor seeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of cancer in the body of the pancreas. Endoscopy 2012; 44 (Suppl. 02) UCTN:E160-161
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1848 Doi S, Yasuda I, Iwashita T et al. Needle tract implantation on the esophageal wall after EUS-guided FNA of metastatic mediastinal lymphadenopathy. Gastrointest Endosc 2008; 67: 988-990
1849 Anderson B, Singh J, Jafri SF. Tumor seeding following endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine-needle aspiration of a celiac lymph node. Dig Endosc 2013; 25: 344-345
1850 Micames C, Jowell PS, White R et al. Lower frequency of peritoneal carcinomatosis in patients with pancreatic cancer diagnosed by EUS-guided FNA vs. percutaneous FNA. Gastrointest Endosc 2003; 58: 690-695
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1942 Park DH, Lee SS, Moon SH et al. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided versus conventional transmural drainage for pancreatic pseudocysts: a prospective randomized trial. Endoscopy 2009; 41: 842-848
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