Zusammenfassung
Das Glaukom gehört zu den häufigsten irreversiblen Erblindungsursachen weltweit und
die alternde Gesellschaft in den westlichen Industrieländern impliziert ein hohes
Risiko einer weiteren Zunahme. Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom stellt den bei Weitem
häufigsten Glaukomtyp des Erwachsenenalters dar. Die Therapie erfolgt zunächst konservativ
mit einer Monotherapie, bei unzureichender Einstellung des Zieldruckbereichs sollte
jedoch frühzeitig eine Glaukomoperation durchgeführt werden.
Abstract
Glaucoma leads to blindness but there are diagnostic and therapeutic developments
that aid ophthalmologists in the improved mangement of the disease compared to the
past. Known risk factors such as age, myopia, dark pigmented skin, genetics, and elevated
intraocular pressure play an important role for the individual patientʼs prognosis,
and many yet unknown or not sufficiently investigated risk factors come along. The
structured examination of the optic nerve head is crucial for the clincial diagnosis
by the ophthalmologist. At least a photo documentation – better imaging of the optic
nerve head and its retinal nerve fibers – should be performed in newly diagnosed suspect
glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Visual field testing is just as important and it
is recommended to perform 6 visual fields in the first two years after diagnosis.
Treatment principles are evolving and minimally invasive surgery techniques are upcoming.
However, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C is still superior regarding long-term results
compared to microstents and minimal shunt procedures.
Schlüsselwörter
Glaukom - klinische Augenuntersuchung - Papillenbeurteilung - Perimetrie - konservative
Augenbehandlung - ophthalmologische Chirurgie
Key words
glaucoma - clinical eye examination - optic nerve - perimetry - medical eye treatment
- eye surgery
