Effects of In-Season Explosive Strength Training on Maximal Leg Strength, Jumping, Sprinting, and Intermittent Aerobic Performance in Male Handball Athletes

Souhail Hermassi; Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly; Georg Fieseler; Thomas Bartels; Stephan Schulze; Karl-Stefan Delank; Roy J. Shephard; René Schwesig

doi:10.1055/s-0043-103469

Sportverletzung · Sportschaden, Inhaltsverzeichnis

Sportverletz Sportschaden 2017; 31(03): 167-173
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103469

Originalarbeit

Effects of In-Season Explosive Strength Training on Maximal Leg Strength, Jumping, Sprinting, and Intermittent Aerobic Performance in Male Handball Athletes

Wirksamkeit eines saisonbegleitenden Explosivkrafttrainings bezüglich Maximalkraft der unteren Extremität sowie Sprung-, Sprint und Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit bei Handballspielern

Souhail Hermassi

¹Research Unit, Sport Performance & Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saîd, University of „La Manouba,“ Tunis, Tunisia

,

Mohamed Souhaiel Chelly

¹Research Unit, Sport Performance & Health, Higher Institute of Sport and Physical Education, Ksar-Saîd, University of „La Manouba,“ Tunis, Tunisia

,

Georg Fieseler

²Division for Shoulder Surgery and Sports Medicine, Helios Clinic, Warburg, Germany

,

Thomas Bartels

³Sports Clinic Halle, Center of Joint Surgery, Halle (Saale), Germany

,

Stephan Schulze

⁴Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany

,

Karl-Stefan Delank

⁴Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany

,

Roy J. Shephard

⁵Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

,

René Schwesig

⁴Department of Orthopedic and Trauma Surgery, Martin-Luther-University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany

› Institutsangaben

Abstract

Background Team handball is an intense ball sport with specific requirements on technical skills, tactical understanding, and physical performance. The ability of handball players to develop explosive efforts (e. g. sprinting, jumping, changing direction) is crucial to success.

Objective The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the effects of an in-season high-intensity strength training program on the physical performance of elite handball players.

Materials and methods Twenty-two handball players (a single national-level Tunisian team) were randomly assigned to a control group (CG; n = 10) or a training group (TG; n = 12). At the beginning of the pilot study, all subjects performed a battery of motor tests: one repetition maximum (1-RM) half-squat test, a repeated sprint test [6 × (2 × 15 m) shuttle sprints], squat jumps, counter movement jumps (CMJ), and the Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1. The TG additionally performed a maximal leg strength program twice a week for 10 weeks immediately before engaging in regular handball training. Each strength training session included half-squat exercises to strengthen the lower limbs (80 – 95 % of 1-RM, 1 – 3 repetitions, 3 – 6 sets, 3 – 4 min rest between sets). The control group underwent no additional strength training. The motor test battery was repeated at the end of the study interventions.

Results In the TG, 3 parameters (maximal strength of lower limb: η² = 0.74; CMJ: η² = 0.70, and RSA best time: η² = 0.25) showed significant improvements, with large effect sizes (e. g. CMJ: d = 3.77). A reduction in performance for these same 3 parameters was observed in the CG (d = -0.24).

Conclusions The results support our hypothesis that additional strength training twice a week enhances the maximal strength of the lower limbs and jumping or repeated sprinting performance. There was no evidence of shuttle sprints ahead of regular training compromising players’ speed and endurance capacities.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund Handball ist eine intensive Ballsportart mit spezifischen technisch-taktischen und physischen Anforderungen. Die Fähigkeit zu Explosivkraftleistungen (z. B. Sprint, Sprung, Richtungsänderung) ist eine wichtige Leistungsvoraussetzung für den sportlichen Erfolg.

Fragestellung Ziel der Pilotstudie war es, die Wirksamkeit eines saisonbegleitenden hochintensiven Krafttrainings auf die physische Leistungsfähigkeit von Profihandballern während der Wettkampfperiode zu prüfen.

Material und Methoden 22 Handballer der ersten tunesischen Liga wurden randomisiert der Kontrollgruppe (CG; n = 10) und Trainingsgruppe (TG; n = 12) zugeteilt. Zu Studienbeginn wurde das Wiederholungsmaximum (1RM) für die Halbkniebeuge ermittelt sowie ein Shuttle Run Test (RSA; 6 × 2 × 15 m), Squat-und Counter Movement Jumps (CMJ) durchgeführt. Die Ausdauerleistungsfähigkeit wurde mittels Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 überprüft. Die Spieler der TG führten zweimal pro Woche über einen Zeitraum von 10 Wochen ein zusätzliches Beinkrafttraining (Halbkniebeuge: 80 – 95 % 1-RM, 1 – 3 Wiederholungen, 3 – 6 Sätze, 3 – 4 min Satzpause) durch. Das Training fand unmittelbar vor dem regulären Handballtraining statt. Die CG absolvierte im gleichen Zeitraum kein zusätzliches Krafttraining. Die Tests wurden nach Abschluss der 10wöchigen Intervention wiederholt.

Ergebnisse In drei Parametern (Maximalkraft untere Extremität: η² = 0,74; CMJ: η² = 0,70, RSA Bestzeit: η² = 0,25) konnte ein signifikanter Interaktionseffekt zugunsten der TG beobachtet werden. Die hohen Effektgrößen unterstreichen die Wirksamkeit des evaluierten Trainingsprogramms (z. B. CMJ: d = 3,77). Einzig für den Parameter Gesamtzeit des RSA-Tests fanden sich keine Zeit-, Gruppen- oder Interaktionseffekte. Hier war sogar eine Leistungsabnahme seitens der CG zu beobachten (d = -0,24).

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse der Studie stützen die Hypothese, wonach ein zusätzliches Krafttraining (zweimal wöchentlich) die Maximalkraft der unteren Extremität erhöht. Damit einher ging eine Erhöhung der Sprint- und Sprungkraftleistung. Ein negativer Effekt seitens der Ausdauer- und Schnelligkeitsausdauerleistung konnte nicht ermittelt werden.

Key words

team handball - muscular strength - jumping performance - RSA test

Schlüsselwörter

Handball - Krafttraining - Sprungleistung - RSA-Test

Volltext

Referenzen

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