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DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-103970
Umsetzung der Empfehlung zur Impfung schwangerer Frauen gegen saisonale Influenza – Quoten und Akzeptanz
Article in several languages: English | deutschPublication History
received 04 January 2017
revised 14 February 2017
accepted 15 February 2017
Publication Date:
26 April 2017 (online)
Zusammenfassung
Einleitung In Deutschland werden die Impfempfehlungen jährlich von der Ständigen Impfkommission am Robert Koch-Institut (= STIKO) überarbeitet und veröffentlicht. Im Jahre 2010 wurde die Impfempfehlung dahin gehend geändert, dass nun schwangere Frauen ab dem 2. Trimenon und solche mit zusätzlicher Grunderkrankung bereits ab dem 1. Trimenon die Impfung gegen saisonale Influenza erhalten sollten. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Impfquote und den Faktoren, die diese beeinflussen.
Methode Hierzu wurde in den beiden Influenzasaisons 2012/2013 und 2013/2014 eine Querschnittsstudie an 2 Level-1-Perinatalzentren in 2 verschiedenen Bundesländern (Saarland und Rheinland-Pfalz) mit insgesamt 253 schwangeren Frauen durchgeführt. Schwangere wurden mittels standardisiertem und vorgetestetem Fragebogen bezüglich ihres Kenntnisstands zur Impfempfehlung der saisonalen Influenza und eventueller, die Impfentscheidung beeinflussender Faktoren befragt. Weiterhin wurden Daten aus dem Impfpass und dem Mutterpass ausgewertet.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt war bei 19,5 % der Graviden eine Influenzaimpfung in der Schwangerschaft angegeben. Eine signifikant hohe Influenza-Impfbereitschaft zeigte sich mit 43,3 % in der Gruppe der Schwangeren, die bereits vor der Schwangerschaft Influenzaimpfungen erhalten hatten. Eine noch höhere und auch signifikante Impfquote fand sich mit 49,4 % bei den Schwangeren, die diese Impfung durch ihren Frauen- oder Hausarzt empfohlen bekommen haben. Im Gegensatz dazu waren nur 3,3 % der Graviden gegen Influenza geimpft, die diese Empfehlung nicht durch ihren Arzt erhalten haben.
Diskussion Die ungenügende Anwendung der Empfehlung zur Influenza-Schutzimpfung bei Schwangeren sowie die mangelnde Vorerfahrung der Graviden mit dieser Impfung sind Hauptgründe für eine mangelnde Impfbereitschaft gegen Influenza in der Schwangerschaft.
Schlussfolgerung Einer der Hauptpunkte um die Influenzaimpfrate zu erhöhen, besteht in der Beratungsintensivierung der Schwangeren durch die Gynäkologen.
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