Schlaf in der Intensivmedizin

Schlafstörungen sind bei Intensivpatienten häufig und können die Prognose negativ beeinflussen. Durch eine Reihe relativ einfacher Maßnahmen lässt sich die Schlafqualität der Patienten zwar nicht völlig normalisieren, aber zumindest deutlich verbessern.

Kernaussagen

• Schlafstörungen treten beim kritisch kranken Patienten häufig auf und können mit einer schlechteren Prognose vergesellschaftet sein. Tiefe, erholsame Schlafstadien fehlen häufig komplett.

• Exogene Faktoren, wie Licht, Lärm und Interventionen am Patienten sollten nachts möglichst auf ein Minimum reduziert werden.

• Die Analgosedierung stört die Schlafarchitektur und sollte so bald wie möglich beendet werden.

• Bei beatmeten Patienten muss auf eine Synchronität zwischen Beatmungsgerät und Patient geachtet werden. Vor allem bei kardial erkrankten Patienten sollte man aus schlafmedizinischer Sicht nachts eine Beatmungsform mit einer Backup-Atemfrequenz einsetzen.

• Literatur

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