Die Bedeutung von Resilienzfaktoren für pflegende Angehörige von Demenzpatienten – eine Übersicht zu ausgewählten Faktoren

Zusammenfassung

Die informelle Pflege von Demenzerkrankten gewinnt angesichts des demografischen Wandels zunehmend an Bedeutung. Durch das Krankheitsbild der Demenz und anhaltende Pflegeanforderungen ist diese Subgruppe pflegender Angehöriger allerdings zahlreichen Stressoren ausgesetzt. Viele Pflegende erleben als Resultat chronischen Stress und sind physisch wie psychisch gesundheitlich stark belastet. Auf Basis der aktuellen Forschung zu Resilienz, d. h. der „seelischen Widerstandskraft“, wächst das Interesse an der Identifizierung von Resilienzfaktoren, die als Ressourcen bei der Bewältigung der Pflege fungieren und Angehörige Demenzkranker vor gesundheitlichen Einschränkungen schützen können. Das Review stellt die Rolle von Resilienzfaktoren im Zusammenhang von chronischen Pflegestressoren und Gesundheit dar. Bei der Analyse des aktuellen Forschungsstands zu Resilienzfaktoren für Angehörige Demenzkranker werden die Faktoren Selbstwirksamkeitserwartung, Beziehungsqualität und soziale Unterstützung betrachtet.

Abstract

In the face of demographic change, the informal care of dementia patients is becoming increasingly important. However, due to dementia symptoms as well as persisting care demands, this subgroup of informal caregivers is confronted with a large number of stressors resulting in chronic stress and impaired physical and mental health in many caregivers. Based on the current research on resilience (i. e., maintaining or regaining health despite stress and adversities), there is increasing interest in identifying resilience factors that may serve as resources to cope with informal care and protect caregivers against health problems. The review discusses the role of resilience factors in the association between ongoing caregiving stress and health. In analyzing the current state of research on resilience factors for dementia caregivers, we focus on the factors self-efficacy, relationship quality, and social support.

Schlüsselwörter

Demenz - pflegender Angehöriger - Resilienzfaktoren

Key words

dementia - informal caregiver - resilience factors

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