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DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-119997
Management von Stentprotheseninfektionen nach EVAR und TEVAR – Fallserie und Literaturübersicht
Management of Endograft Infection After EVAR and TEVAR – a Case Series and Literature ReviewPublication History
Publication Date:
27 October 2017 (online)
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Zusammenfassung
Einleitung Eine Stentprotheseninfektion nach endovaskulärer Versorgung ist eine seltene, jedoch schwere Komplikation mit hoher Mortalität. Aufgrund der steigenden Anzahl von endovaskulären Eingriffen ist mit einer Zunahme von Stentprotheseninfektionen zu rechnen. Eine einheitliche Leitlinie zu Diagnostik und Therapie dieses Krankheitsbilds existiert nicht. Die Datenlage beruht auf Fallberichten, retrospektiven Untersuchungen und Metaanalysen, oft aus der offenen Aortenchirurgie. Die Diagnosestellung kann mitunter schwierig sein. Die Klinik des Patienten, die Bildgebung und der kulturelle Erregernachweis sind entscheidend. Wenn möglich sollte eine Sanierung des Infektfokus mit Ausbau der infizierten Prothese erfolgen. Verschiedene Verfahren und Materialien kommen hierbei zum Einsatz. Zusätzlich sollte eine Langzeitantibiose unter engmaschiger Kontrolle der Entzündungsparameter gegeben werden.
Methodik Es wurde eine retrospektive Analyse aller Patienten, die zwischen Januar 2008 und Mai 2017 an unserer Klinik aufgrund einer Stentprotheseninfektion behandelt wurden, durchgeführt. Die Studienendpunkte waren Infektfreiheit, Überleben und primäre Offenheit der Rekonstruktion. Zusätzlich wurde elektronisch nach gefäßchirurgischer Literatur gesucht, die sich mit der Therapie von Stentprotheseninfektionen nach EVAR (Endovascular aortic repair) und TEVAR (Thoracic endovascular aortic repair) befasst.
Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurde bei 3 Patienten (100% Männer, Durchschnittsalter 77 Jahre) eine Stentprotheseninfektion diagnostiziert. In allen Fällen handelte es sich um eine Stentinfektion nach EVAR. Bei allen Patienten wurde der Stent-Graft entfernt und eine anatomische Rekonstruktion mit Homograft oder xenogenem Material durchgeführt. Ein Erregernachweis gelang in 2 von 3 Fällen. Alle Patienten erhielten eine Langzeitantibiose über 12 Wochen. Die 30-Tages-Mortalität lag bei 0%, im Nachbeobachtungszeitraum kam es zu keinem Re-Infekt. Ein Patient verstarb 2 Monate postoperativ an einer Darmperforation mit Peritonitis, ein weiterer Patient 92 Monate postoperativ an einem kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinom. Die primäre Offenheit der Rekonstruktionen lag bei 100%. In der Literatur weist die konservative Therapie einer Stentprotheseninfektion eine sehr hohe Mortalität auf, wobei sie bei Patienten mit aortoenteraler oder aortobronchialer Fistel und konservativer Therapie am höchsten ist. Bei operativer Therapie der Stentprotheseninfektion ist diese deutlich niedriger.
Zusammenfassung Die chirurgische Herdsanierung, der Prothesenersatz und die begleitende antibiotische Therapie sind entscheidend für das Langzeitergebnis nach Endostentinfektion. Eine konservative Therapie sollte nur bei chirurgisch nicht sanierbarem Fokus oder inoperablen Patienten durchgeführt werden.
Abstract
Introduction Endograft infection after EVAR (Endovascular aortic repair) or TEVAR (Thoracic endovascular aortic repair) is a rare but severe complication with high mortality. As the number of patients with endovascular aneurysm repair has increased over the last decade, the number of patients with endograft infection might also have increased. However, no guideline defines the treatment of endograft infection. Diagnosis is difficult and depends on clinical symptoms, radiological imaging and blood cultures. Surgery with graft excision, debridement and revascularisation should be proposed. Several techniques and graft materials are used. Additionally long term antibiotic therapy under close control of inflammation markers is always required.
Methods We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients treated for infected aortic endografts in our hospital between January 2008 and May 2017. Study endpoints were freedom from reinfection, survival and primary patency. An extensive electronic health database search was performed to identify articles reporting endograft infection after EVAR and TEVAR.
Results We detected aortic endograft infection in three patients (100% male, median age 77 years). In all cases, infrarenal endovascular aortic aneurysm repair had been performed. The infected stent grafts were removed and anatomical revascularisation performed. One homograft and two xenografts were used as graft material. No patient was treated conservatively. A causative organism was found in 2 of the 3 cases. The patients received antibiotics for 12 weeks. Thirty day mortality was 0%. During follow-up, one patient died from bowel perforation after 2 months and another from lung cancer after 92 months. There were no reinfections. Primary patency of the reconstructions was 100%. Publications report high mortality after conservative therapy of endograft infection. There is evidence for lower mortality in patients who underwent surgery.
Conclusions Removal of the infected graft, anatomical revascularisation and antibiotic therapy are important for long term survival after aortic endograft infection. Conservative therapy is only warranted in patients unsuitable for surgical treatment.
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