Mikrobielle Biomarker zur Krebsfrüherkennung

Zusammenfassung

Im Bereich Krebsfrüherkennung zeigt sich schon heute das Potenzial der Mikrobiomforschung für klinische Anwendungen. Auch wenn die zugrunde liegenden Mechanismen und Ursachen bisher weitgehend unbekannt sind, kann die krank heitsbedingte Veränderung des Mikrobioms als Angriffspunkt zur Erforschung neuartiger diagnostischer und prognostischer Tests genutzt werden. Dies trifft insbesondere auf Dickdarmkrebs zu, wo sich bereits konkrete Möglichkeiten für den klinischen Einsatz abzeichnen. In diesem Artikel fassen wir die Fortschritte der letzten Jahre aber auch Schwierigkeiten in der Entwicklung mikrobieller Biomarker für die Krebsfrüherkennung zusammen.

Abstract

The human microbiome – the vast amount of microbes that colonize our body – play an important role in maintaining our health. Changes in microbiome composition have been linked to multiple diseases including cancer. Although mechanisms and causalities of these associations still have to be uncovered, microbiome alterations across various stages of disease can be utilized for novel diagnostic and prognostic tests. Research on biomarkers extracted from the gut microbiome has in particular focused on colorectal cancer, where clinical use is already on the horizon. For example, multiple microbial taxonomic markers such as Fusobacterium nucleatum and other oral pathogens have been identified in human feces with potential for non-invasive diagnostics and prognostics. The article summarizes the recent developments, but also limitations and challenges for the development of microbiome-based biomarkers for cancer early detection.

Schlüsselwörter

mikrobielle Biomarker - Mikrobiom - Metagenomik - Darmkrebs

Key words

microbial biomarker - microbiome - metagenomics - colon cancer

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