Application of Chitosan Biomaterials in Dentistry—A Narrative Review

Abstract

Chitosan is a versatile natural biomaterial that has been researched for a range of bio-dental applications. It possesses various desirable qualities such as biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, biodegradability, and a broad antibacterial range (covering Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria as well as fungi). Moreover, the molecular structure contains reactive functional groups, which provide numerous reaction sites and possibilities for the formation of electrochemical interactions at the cellular and molecular levels. Chitosan's unique features have attracted material scientists from all over the world to explore its applications in dentistry. The objective of this review is to highlight the creation of new chitosan biomaterials and as to how it is a vital component for the improvement and modification of existing dental materials being used.

Keywords

biomaterials - dentistry - chitosan

Publication History

Article published online:
16 May 2023

• References

• 1 Liang J, Peng X, Zhou X, Zou J, Cheng L. Emerging applications of drug delivery systems in oral infectious diseases prevention and treatment. Molecules 2020; 25 (03) 516
• 2 Chan BP, Leong KW. Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations. Eur Spine J 2008; 17 (Suppl 4, Suppl 4): 467-479
• 3 Sadreddini S, Safaralizadeh R, Baradaran B. et al. Chitosan nanoparticles as a dual drug/siRNA delivery system for treatment of colorectal cancer. Immunol Lett 2017; 181: 79-86
• 4 Cauchie HM. Chitin production by arthropods in the hydrosphere. Hydrobiologia 2002; 470 (01) 63-95
• 5 Argüelles-Monal WM, Lizardi-Mendoza J, Fernández-Quiroz D, Recillas-Mota MT, Montiel-Herrera M. Chitosan derivatives: introducing new functionalities with a controlled molecular architecture for innovative materials. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10 (03) 342
• 6 Croisier F, Jérôme C. Chitosan-based biomaterials for tissue engineering. Eur Polym J 2013; 49 (04) 780-792
• 7 Fakhri E, Eslami H, Maroufi P. et al. Chitosan biomaterials application in dentistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 162: 956-974
• 8 Chen CY, Chung YC. Antibacterial effect of water-soluble chitosan on representative dental pathogens Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli brevis. J Appl Oral Sci 2012; 20 (06) 620-627
• 9 Mohire NC, Yadav AV. Chitosan-based polyherbal toothpaste: as novel oral hygiene product. Indian J Dent Res 2010; 21 (03) 380-384
• 10 Ren Q, Ding L, Li Z. et al. Chitosan hydrogel containing amelogenin-derived peptide: inhibition of cariogenic bacteria and promotion of remineralization of initial caries lesions. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 100: 42-48
• 11 Zhang C, Hui D, Du C. et al. Preparation and application of chitosan biomaterials in dentistry. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 167: 1198-1210
• 12 Diolosà M, Donati I, Turco G. et al. Use of methacrylate-modified chitosan to increase the durability of dentine bonding systems. Biomacromolecules 2014; 15 (12) 4606-4613
• 13 Ching HS, Luddin N, Kannan TP, Ab Rahman I, Abdul Ghani NRN. Modification of glass ionomer cements on their physical-mechanical and antimicrobial properties. J Esthet Restor Dent 2018; 30 (06) 557-571
• 14 Mishra A, Pandey RK, Manickam N. Antibacterial effect and physical properties of chitosan and chlorhexidine-cetrimide-modified glass ionomer cements. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2017; 35 (01) 28-33
• 15 Suzuki S, Masuda Y, Morisaki H, Yamada Y, Kuwata H, Miyazaki T. The study of chitosan-citrate solution as a root canal irrigant: a preliminary report. Oral Hygiene Health 2014; 2 (142) 2332-0702
• 16 Grover C, Shetty N. Evaluation of calcium ion release and change in pH on combining calcium hydroxide with different vehicles. Contemp Clin Dent 2014; 5 (04) 434-439
• 17 Subhi H, Reza F, Husein A, Al Shehadat SA, Nurul AA. Gypsum-based material for dental pulp capping: effect of chitosan and BMP-2 on physical, mechanical, and cellular properties. Int J Biomater 2018; 2018: 3804293
• 18 Ducret M, Montembault A, Josse J. et al. Design and characterization of a chitosan-enriched fibrin hydrogel for human dental pulp regeneration. Dent Mater 2019; 35 (04) 523-533
• 19 Husain S, Al-Samadani KH, Najeeb S. et al. Chitosan biomaterials for current and potential dental applications. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10 (06) 602
• 20 Kothari NR, Srinath SK, Sulakshana S, Aswathy T, Padampriya S. Comparative evaluation of the efficacy of chitosan and formocresol as medicaments for pulpotomy in primary molars: a clinical pilot study. Contemporary Pediatric Dentistry 2021; 2 (02) 19-29
• 21 Imani Z, Imani Z, Basir L, Shayeste M, Abbasi Montazeri E, Rakhshan V. Antibacterial effects of chitosan, formocresol and CMCP as pulpectomy medicament on Enterococcus ‎faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus‎mutans . Iran Endod J 2018; 13 (03) 342-350
• 22 Yang X, Han G, Pang X, Fan M. Chitosan/collagen scaffold containing bone morphogenetic protein-7 DNA supports dental pulp stem cell differentiation in vitro and in vivo. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 108 (12) 2519-2526
• 23 Sun Y, Chen ZL, Yang XX, Huang P, Zhou XP, Du XX. Magnetic chitosan nanoparticles as a drug delivery system for targeting photodynamic therapy. Nanotechnology 2009; 20 (13) 135102
• 24 Salari M, Sowti Khiabani M, Rezaei Mokarram R, Ghanbarzadeh B, Samadi Kafil H. Development and evaluation of chitosan based active nanocomposite films containing bacterial cellulose nanocrystals and silver nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2018; 84: 414-423
• 25 Khajuria DK, Zahra SF, Razdan R. Effect of locally administered novel biodegradable chitosan based risedronate/zinc-hydroxyapatite intra-pocket dental film on alveolar bone density in rat model of periodontitis. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2018; 29 (01) 74-91
• 26 Peña A, Sánchez NS, Calahorra M. Effects of chitosan on Candida albicans: conditions for its antifungal activity. BioMed Res Int 2013; 2013: 527549
• 27 Li Y, Na R, Wang X. et al. Fabrication of antimicrobial peptide-loaded PLGA/chitosan composite microspheres for long-acting bacterial resistance. Molecules 2017; 22 (10) 29
• 28 Hakikumar K, Nandakumar K. Manangement of periodontal furcation defects by guided tissue regeneration using collagen-chitosan as barrier membrane. Intl J Oral Health Dentist 2017; 3 (04) 210-213
• 29 Bumgardner JD, Wiser R, Gerard PD. et al. Chitosan: potential use as a bioactive coating for orthopaedic and craniofacial/dental implants. J Biomater Sci Polym Ed 2003; 14 (05) 423-438
• 30 Matinfar M, Mesgar AS, Mohammadi Z. Evaluation of physicochemical, mechanical and biological properties of chitosan/carboxymethyl cellulose reinforced with multiphasic calcium phosphate whisker-like fibers for bone tissue engineering. Mater Sci Eng C 2019; 100: 341-353
• 31 Malmquist JP, Clemens SC, Oien HJ, Wilson SL. Hemostasis of oral surgery wounds with the HemCon dental dressing. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 66 (06) 1177-1183
• 32 Sinha N, Mazumdar A, Mitra J, Sinha G, Baunthiyal S, Baunthiyal S. Chitosan based Axiostat dental dressing following extraction in cardiac patients under antiplatelet therapy. Intl J Oral Health Med Res 2017; 3 (05) 65-67
• 33 Jazayeri HE, Tahriri M, Razavi M. et al. A current overview of materials and strategies for potential use in maxillofacial tissue regeneration. Mater Sci Eng C 2017; 70 (Pt 1): 913-929
• 34 Namangkalakul W, Benjavongkulchai S, Pochana T. et al. Activity of chitosan antifungal denture adhesive against common Candida species and Candida albicans adherence on denture base acrylic resin. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 123 (01) 181.e1-181.e7
• 35 Ghaouth AE. Antifungal activity of chitosan on two postharvest pathogens of strawberry fruits. Phytopathology 1992; 82 (04) 398