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Semin Neurol 2023; 43(04): 634-644
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1771459
Review Article

Gastrointestinal Dysfunction in Neurological and Neurodegenerative Disorders

Jacob Raber
1   Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
2   Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, Portland, Oregon
3   Department of Neurology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
4   Department of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
5   Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
6   College of Pharmacy, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, Oregon
,
Thomas J. Sharpton
7   Department of Microbiology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
8   Department of Statistics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon
› Author Affiliations Funding This work was partially supported by NIH RF1 AG059088, R21 AG065914, BrightFocus A2019444S, NASA 80NSSC19K0498 –P00001, and NIH NIEHS R01 ES030226.
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Abstract

Increasing research links the gut microbiome to neurodegenerative disorders. The gut microbiome communicates with the central nervous system via the gut–brain axis and affects behavioral and cognitive phenotypes. Dysbiosis (a dysfunctional microbiome) drives increased intestinal permeability and inflammation that can negatively affect the brain via the gut–brain axis. Healthier metabolic and lipid profiles and cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes. In this review, we discuss the role of the gut microbiome and gut–brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease and related animal models, in cancer and cancer treatments, and in metabolic syndrome. We also discuss strategies to improve the gut microbiome and ultimately brain function. Because healthier cognitive phenotypes are observed in individuals with more distinct microbiomes, increased efforts are warranted to develop therapeutic strategies for those at increased risk of developing neurological disorders and patients diagnosed with those disorders.

Keywords

gut microbiome - Parkinson's disease - Alzheimer's disease - radiation - Western diet


Publication History

Article published online:
22 August 2023

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