Synthesis
DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775423
short review
Dual Catalysis

Harnessing Photoredox and Weak Brønsted Base Dual Catalysis for Selective C(sp3)–H Bond Activation

Shafrizal R. Atriardi
a   Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
,
Yulia Anita
b   Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency, 452 Build, Banten, 15314, Indonesia
,
Sang Kook Woo
a   Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Korea
› Author Affiliations
This work was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea­ (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (NRF-2022R1A2C1005108).


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Abstract

Visible light photoredox and weak Brønsted base dual catalysis has emerged as a powerful and versatile tool in the activation of C(sp3)–H bonds under mild reaction conditions. This method allows for the selective functionalization of a wide range of substrates, including amines, sulfides, ethers, dithianes and dithiolanes, dioxolanes, and alkenes. By exploiting the increased acidity of C–H bonds following single electron oxidation, this strategy employing a dual catalyst facilitates various carbon–carbon bond-forming reactions, as well as selective rearrangements, with high efficiency and regioselectivity. This review highlights recent advancements in this field, emphasizing the underlying mechanisms and the broad applicability of these methodologies in organic synthesis.

1 Introduction

2 Activation of α-C(sp3)–H Bonds in N-, S-, and O-Containing Compounds for C–C Bond Formation

3 Activation of Allylic C–H Bonds for C–C Bond Formation

4 Photoredox and Base Dual Catalysis for Rearrangement Reactions

5 Conclusion



Publication History

Received: 03 October 2024

Accepted after revision: 08 November 2024

Article published online:
10 December 2024

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