Download PDF
CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 · Sleep Sci 2024; 17(04): e370-e380
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1782172
Original Article

Psychosocial Risk Factors at Work and Sleep Quality in Healthcare Workers – A Cross-Sectional Study

Luiza Salvador Rohwedder 
1   Nursing Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
,
Maria Isabel Triches 
2   Physical Therapy Department, Postgraduate Program in Physical Therapy, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
,
Rosângela Aparecida de Sousa 
3   Nursing Department, Nursing Postgraduate Program, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
,
Tatiana de Oliveira Sato 
4   Physical Therapy Departament, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
,
Vivian Aline Mininel 
1   Nursing Department, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
› Author Affiliations Funding Source This research was supported by Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo - FAPESP, Brazil (grant numbers 2020/10098-1 and 2020/08261-1)
› Further Information
Also available at
   Permissions and Reprints

Abstract

Objective To investigate psychosocial factors at work, sleep characteristics, and the correlation between these aspects in healthcare workers.

Material and methods A cross-sectional e-survey study was conducted with 125 workers of the Brazilian healthcare system, mostly from the Southeast region, from June 2021 to April 2022. Self-administered questionnaires in Google Forms were used to collect data on personal and occupational characteristics, psychosocial factors (Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire), and sleep quality (Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index). Descriptive statistics and a point biserial correlation test were performed.

Results The most reported factors in the risk zone were burnout (86%), stress (81%), emotional demands (75%), work pace (61%), and work-family conflicts (55%). Most participants were classified as poor sleepers (74%), especially nursing technicians/assistants (86%). Burnout (rpb = 0.33) and inadequate predictability (rpb = 0.30) were associated with poor sleep quality.

Conclusion Intervention strategies to decrease burnout and increase predictability at work may assist in improving sleep quality among healthcare workers.

Keywords

occupational risks - sleep - occupational health - working conditions - healthcare workers - pyschosocial factors


Publication History

Received: 17 July 2023

Accepted: 07 December 2023

Article published online:
09 April 2024

© 2024. Brazilian Sleep Association. This is an open access article published by Thieme under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonDerivative-NonCommercial License, permitting copying and reproduction so long as the original work is given appropriate credit. Contents may not be used for commercial purposes, or adapted, remixed, transformed or built upon. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

Thieme Revinter Publicações Ltda.
Rua do Matoso 170, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 20270-135, Brazil

 

  • References

  • 1 Lourenço EAS, Bertani IF. Workers' health at the Public Unified Health System: challenges and perspectives facing precarious work. Rev Bras Saúde Ocup 2007; 32 (115) 121-134
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 2 Teixeira CFS, Soares CM, Souza EA. et al. The health of healthcare professionals coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Ciênc Saúde Colet . 2020; 25 (09) 3465-74 https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232020259.19562020 PubMed
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 3 Souza DO. The dimensions of job insecurity due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Trab Educ Saúde. 2020; 19 https://doi.org/10.1590/1981-7746-sol00311
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 4 Franklin P, Gkiouleka A. A scoping review of psychosocial risks to health workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18 (05) 2453
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 5 Eurofound.Europa.eu. [Internet]. Psychosocial risks [updated 2023 June 7; cited 2023 April 12]. Available from: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/topic/psychosocial-risks
  • 6 Gonçalves JS, Moriguchi CS, Chaves TC, Sato TO. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of the short version of COPSOQ II-Brazil. Rev Saude Publica 2021; 55: 69
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 7 Duchaine CS, Aubé K, Gilbert-Ouimet M. et al. Psychosocial stressors at work and the risk of sickness absence due to a diagnosed mental disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 2020; 77 (08) 842-851
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 8 Bastos J, Afonso P. The impact of shiftwork on sleep and mental health. RPPSM 2020; 6 (01) 24-30
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 9 Giorgi F, Mattei A, Notarnicola I, Petrucci C, Lancia L. Can sleep quality and burnout affect the job performance of shift-work nurses? A hospital cross-sectional study. J Adv Nurs 2018; 74 (03) 698-708
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 10 Marçal JA, Moraes BFM, Mendes SS, De-Martino MMF, Sonati JG. Sleep and health variables of nursing professionals in the different working shifts. REME Rev Min Enferm 2019; 23: e-1235 http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20190083
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 11 Khan WAA, Conduit R, Kennedy GA, Jackson ML. The relationship between shift-work, sleep, and mental health among paramedics in Australia. Sleep Health 2020; 6 (03) 330-337
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 12 Herrero San Martin A, Parra Serrano J, Diaz Cambriles T. et al. Sleep characteristics in health workers exposed to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2020; 75: 388-394
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 13 Santos LZAA, Menezes-Júnior LAA, Freitas SN. et al. Vitamin D deficiency and hyperglycemia in male rotating shift workers: A disturbed circadian rhythms influence. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 57: 258-265
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 14 Nascimento RA, Fajardo VC, Menezes Junior LAA. et al. Work hours as a risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infections: cardiometabolic and sleep characteristics in rotating shift workers. Sleep Sci 2022; 15 (Spec 2): 380-387
    Thieme ConnectPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 15 St-Onge MP, Grandner MA, Brown D. et al; American Heart Association Obesity, Behavior Change, Diabetes, and Nutrition Committees of the Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young; Council on Clinical Cardiology; and Stroke Council. Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Circulation 2016; 134 (18) e367-e386
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 16 Diaz F, Cornelius T, Bramley S. et al. The association between sleep and psychological distress among New York City healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Affect Disord 2022; 298 (Pt A): 618-624
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 17 Pappa S, Sakkas N, Sakka E. A year in review: sleep dysfunction and psychological distress in healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sleep Med 2022; 91: 237-245
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 18 Oyat FWD, Oloya JN, Atim P, Ikoona EN, Aloyo J, Kitara DL. The psychological impact, risk factors and coping strategies to COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in the sub-Saharan Africa: a narrative review of existing literature. BMC Psychol 2022; 10 (01) 284
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 19 Olagunju AT, Bioku AA, Olagunju TO, Sarimiye FO, Onwuameze OE, Halbreich U. Psychological distress and sleep problems in healthcare workers in a developing context during COVID-19 pandemic: Implications for workplace wellbeing. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 110: 110292
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 20 Duran S, Erkin Ö. Psychologic distress and sleep quality among adults in Turkey during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 107: 110254
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 21 International Labour Office. Safe and healthy working environments free from violence and harassment. International Labour Organisation (ILO), 2020 [cited 2023 Sep 20]. Available from: https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/resources-library/publications/WCMS_751832/lang–en/index.htm
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 22 Eysenbach G. Improving the quality of Web surveys: the Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES). J Med Internet Res 2004; 6 (03) e34
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 23 Sato TO, de Faria BSF, Albuquerque BB. et al. Poor health conditions among Brazilian healthcare workers: the study design and baseline characteristics of the HEROES cohort. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10 (10) 2096
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 24 Roman A. A Closer Look Into Brazil's Healthcare System: What Can We Learn?. Cureus 2023; 15 (05) e38390
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 25 Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A. G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 2007; 39 (02) 175-191
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 26 Kristensen TS, Hannerz H, Høgh A, Borg V. The Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire–a tool for the assessment and improvement of the psychosocial work environment. Scand J Work Environ Health 2005; 31 (06) 438-449
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 27 Bertolazi AN, Fagondes SC, Hoff LS. et al. Validation of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Sleep Med 2011; 12 (01) 70-75
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 28 Buysse DJ, Reynolds III CF, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res 1989; 28 (02) 193-213
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 29 Bertolazi NA. Tradução, adaptação cultural e validação de dois instrumentos de avaliação do sono: escala de sonolência de Epworth e índice de qualidade de sono de Pittsburgh (dissertação). Porto Alegre:: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul;; 2008
    Search in Google Scholar
  • 30 Cohen J. Statistical power analysis. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 1992; 1 (03) 98-101
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 31 Levi ML, Sousa J, Almeida CJ. et al. Doctors and outsourcing: perceptions of workers and managers on recent transformations in the labor market. Trab Educ Saúde 2022; 20: e00846199
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 32 Batista LS, Takashi MH. The main factors causing Stress in nursing professionals who work in the Intensive Care Unit. REVISA 2020; 9 (01) 156-162
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 33 Silva RM, Lenz FCD, Schlotfeldt NF. et al. Sleep assessment and associated factors in hospital nursing workers. Texto Contexto Enferm 2023; 31: e20220277
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 34 Jahrami H, BaHammam AS, AlGahtani H. et al. The examination of sleep quality for frontline healthcare workers during the outbreak of COVID-19. Sleep Breath 2021; 25 (01) 503-511
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 35 Segon T, Kerebih H, Gashawu F, Tesfaye B, Nakie G, Anbesaw T. Sleep quality and associated factors among nurses working at comprehensive specialized hospitals in Northwest, Ethiopia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13: 931588
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 36 Nazario EG, Silva RM, Beck CLC. et al. Fatigue and sleep in intensive care nursing workers in the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Paul Enferm 2023; 36: eAPE000881
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 37 Zeng LN, Yang Y, Wang C. et al. Prevalence of poor sleep quality in nursing staff: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Behav Sleep Med 2020; 18 (06) 746-759
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 38 Zhou Y, Yang Y, Shi T. et al. Prevalence and demographic correlates of poor sleep quality among frontline health professionals in Liaoning Province, China during the COVID-19 outbreak. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11: 520
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 39 Asante JO, Li MJ, Liao J, Huang YX, Hao YT. The relationship between psychosocial risk factors, burnout and quality of life among primary healthcare workers in rural Guangdong province: a cross-sectional study. BMC Health Serv Res 2019; 19 (01) 447
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 40 Bellizzi S, Pichierri G, Farina G, Cegolon L, Abdelbaki W. Violence against healthcare: a public health issue beyond conflict settings. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2021; 106 (01) 15-16
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 41 Caliari JS, Santos MAD, Andrechuk CRS, Campos KRC, Ceolim MF, Pereira FH. Quality of life of nurse practitioners during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Bras Enferm 2021; 75 (Suppl. 01) e20201382
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 42 Paes CLA, Ferreira IP, Gouveia AO, Santos VRC. The psychosocial problems and the mental health of the nursing staff in transcending the post-pandemic of COVID-19. Res Soc Dev 2021; 10 (04) e54610414533
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar
  • 43 Kantorski LP, Oliveira MM, Alves PF. et al. Prevalence and factors associated with poor sleep quality among nursing professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev Bras Enferm 2022; 75 (75, Suppl 1) e20210517
    CrossrefPubMedSearch in Google Scholar
  • 44 Santos JSG, Gobato BC, Menegon FHA, Moura LN, Camponogara S, Erdmann AL. Nurse's work in the hospital environment: analysis of unfavorable characteristics. Rev Pesqui (Univ Fed Estado Rio J, Online) 2021; 13: 1395-1401 https://doi.org/10.9789/2175-5361.rpcfo.v13.9496
    CrossrefSearch in Google Scholar