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Semin Neurol 2025; 45(01): 034-048
DOI: 10.1055/s-0044-1791577
Invited Review

The Role of Neuromuscular Ultrasound in the Diagnosis of Peripheral Neuropathy

Nicholas J. Miller
1   Department of Internal Medicine, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, 800 Sherbrook Street, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
,
James B. Meiling 
2   Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street Southwest, Rochester, Minnesota
,
Michael S. Cartwright
3   Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
,
Francis O. Walker
3   Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Boulevard, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
› Author Affiliations Funding None.
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Abstract

The classification of peripheral neuropathies has traditionally been based on etiology, electrodiagnostic findings, or histopathologic features. With the advent of modern imaging, they now can also be characterized based on their varied distribution of imaging findings. We describe the major morphologic patterns of these changes, which include homogeneous enlargement; homogeneous thinning; focal, multifocal, and segmental enlargement; and focal thinning and beading (multifocal thinning). Representative disorders in each of these categories are discussed, along with examples of the more complex imaging manifestations of neuralgic amyotrophy, nerve transection, and hereditary amyloidosis. An appreciation of the diverse morphologic manifestations of neuropathy can help neuromuscular clinicians conduct appropriate imaging studies with ultrasound and, when needed, order suitable investigations with magnetic resonance neurography.

Keywords

electromyography - nerve conduction studies - motor neuron disease - fasciculations - neuralgic amyotrophy


Publication History

Article published online:
21 October 2024

© 2024. Thieme. All rights reserved.

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